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论述题
本大题15分。
在我国建国后的教学实践中，曾出现过学生走出校门，学工、学农、学军等作法，认为学生获得知识主要借助于他们自身的社会实践。试从某一教学过程的基本规律出发，对这一作法进行评述。

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确定应补偿承包单位的费用，并说明理由。

某监理单位对实施监理的某跨越大江大河的桥梁施工工程的动力供应、施工照明、安全防护设备、施工场地空间条件以及交通运输和道路条件在施工前进行了检查。
承包单位因条件限制，不能建立试验室，则委托某一具有相应资质的专门试验室作为本工程施工用试验室。监理工程师经检查同意使用该试验室。
施工中由于某爆破作业比较危险，承包单位为了保证本单位从事爆破作业人员的生命安全，决定从劳工市场雇用3名无爆破作业上岗证人员实施爆破作业。
问题
监理单位对动力供应、施工照明、安全防护设备、施工场地空间条件以及交通运输和道路条件的检查是对环境状态的哪个方面的控制？环境状态的控制还包括哪几项内容？

A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not (1) true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two (2) to become a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for (3) ; second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will (4) . The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write (5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the (6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest (7) and communication hardware and software.
Does a born and bred bilingual (8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in (9) ？ There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important. (10) , a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing (11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what (12) known as a lingua-ism, a state in which a person lacks (13) full, fluent command of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals (14) don't know the culture of the target language well enough to (15) top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language (16) its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they (17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often (18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.
On (19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the sam0e in-depth (20) of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.
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