题目内容
Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: 【21】______ it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; 【22】______ the workers in government offices who 【23】______ our health, our food, our water, and all 【24】______ things that we can not do for ourselves. By 【25】______ of taxation, we pay for things that we need as 【26】______ as we need somewhere to live and something to eat,
In most countries, a direct tax on persons, 【27】______ is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 【28】______ , and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer's 【29】______ grows. In England, for example, the tax on he 【30】______ people goes up as high as ninety-five percent!
But countries with direct taxation nearly always have 【31】______ taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or "duties". 【32】______ , it is the men and women who buy the imported things in the shops who really 【33】______ pay the duties, in the 【34】______ of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax 【35】______ things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 【36】______ . If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, 【37】______ is obtained, but the tax is fairer, as the 【38】______ pay it.
Probably this last kind of indirect tax, 【39】______ with a direct on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is 【40】______ arrangement.
【21】
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听力原文：W: Today, we invite Mr. Sonderim to talk something about Euro. Mr, Sonderim, could you tell us the origin of the Euro？
M: Well, the 1992 Maastricht Treaty proposed a single currency between the European Union. The participating countries decided on the name "Euro" at a summit in Madrid in 1995 and the currency was launched on January 1, 1999.
W: What is it worth？
M: When the Euro was launched in 1999, one Euro was worth 1.17 US dollars or 71 British pence. However, the weakness of the Euro zone economies compared with that of the United States, combined with the inexperience of the European Central Bank in dealing with the international markets, has meant that since its launch the value of the Euro had declined significantly. In December 2001, one Euro was worth little more than 89 cents or 63 pennies, a 20 percent drop on its initial value.
W: Do you think it will affect the daily life of ordinary people？
M: I suppose so. For example, one of the major headaches for participating countries has been the conversion of public telephones, vending machines, and shopping trolleys to accept Euro coins. Although a conversion process has been in full swing since before 1999, there are reports that some countries are not ready for the Euro.
W: So what does it look like？
M: There are seven notes designed by the Austrian artist Robert Kalina. The designs show the "seven ages" of European development, with windows and gateways on the front, and bridges on the back. In addition, there are eight coins designed by the Belgian artist Luc Luycx. All Euro coins are round, but have differences in composition, weight, thickness, and milling to ensure that the blind can easily distinguish between them. On the front there is a European design, common to all coins, and on the back a "national" design from the central bank of issue. Despite the "national identities", all coins can be spent throughout the Euro zone regardless of their origin.
When was euro launched？
PART C
Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.
听力原文： Japanese people, who never miss a chance to be photographed, were lining up to get their picture on a postage-stamp. Vanity stamps that feature personal photographs went on sale for the first time in Japan as part of an international postage stamp exhibition. The customer's photo is taken with a digital camera and then printed on stamp sheets, a process that takes about five minutes. Sold in a sheet of 10 stamps for ＄8.80, little more than the cost of lunch in Tokyo, each stamp features a different scene from a traditional ukiyo-e along with the photo. The stamps can be used normally to mail a letter, and postal officials hope they will help promote interest in letter-writing in the Internet age. "Certainly e-mail is a useful method of communication, but letters are fun in a different way," said an official in the Posts Ministry. "We want to show young people that letters can be fun too." While similar stamp sheets debuted in Australia in 1999 and are now sold in some 12 nations and territories, Japan's fondness for commemorative photos is likely to make them especially popular here. Indeed, officials had prepared 1,000 sheets but they were sold out in less than 30 minutes. Although the stamps are currently only available as a special service during the exhibition, postal officials said they might start selling them on a regular basis in the future.
What does each vanity stamp cost？
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