第一篇 デパートやスーパーで買物をする。買った品物を、お店の人が紙で包む。そしてビニールの袋に入れる。何枚も何枚も紙やビニールを使うときもある。私たちはそれ(A)があたりまえだと思っている。でも、このたくさんの紙や袋は本当に必要なのだろうか。家へ帰って品物を出したら、ごみ箱の中が紙やビニールでいっぱいになる。 最近、皆でごみを少なくしようという意見が強くなってきた。この包装紙やビニール袋もたくさんのごみになっているそうだ。それでデパートでも、この過剰包装はだんだん少なくなって簡単になった(B)。大きいスーパーでも、いろいろな工夫が始まった。あるスーパーでは、買物をするときに自分で袋を持っていったら、カードにスタンプを押してくれる。そしてスタンプが集まったら、買い物券をくれる。別のスーパーでは、再生紙の袋を使うようになった。また、布で作った買物袋も売るようになった。 私たちが、スーパーなどで、毎月一回「袋はいりません」と言ったら、一年間で数億枚の袋が残るそうだ。一番簡単な環境保護(C)。 下線(B)の「この過剰包装はだんだん少なくなって簡単になった」原因は次の中のどれか。
A. デパートやスーパーが経費を節約するため。
B. 人々はあまり包装すると、時間がかかると思っているため。
C. 包装紙やビニール袋もたくさんのごみになっているため。
D. 包装を簡単にすると品物も軽くなって、持ちやすくなるため。
第三篇Many Older Doctors Plan to Phase out Their PracticeThe results of a new survey indicate that 48 percent of physicians between 50 and 65 years of age are planning to reduce or end their clinical practice in the next 1 to 3 years. The findings also suggest that many older physicians believe that their younger counterparts do not have the work ethic they do.The survey, which was conducted by Merritt Hawkins & Associates, a Texas-based physician search and consulting firm, suggests that many older physicians are simply unhappy with the changes that have taken place in medicine over the years."When Baby Boom doctors entered medicine they had control over how they practiced and the fee they charged But the rules changed on them in mid-stream and now many are looking for a ticket out," Mark Smith, executive vice president of Merritt Hawkins & Associates, said in a statement."Our study is the only one I am aware of that examines the career plans of physicians in the 50-to-65 age group." This age group represents more than one-third of all physicians in the U. S. If they stop working in the coming years, it will have a "significant impact" on the overall supply of physicians, Smith told Reuters Health.The results of the survey, which included 1,170 respondents (调查对象), show that 24 percent of older physicians are planning to leave clinical practice all together in the next 1 to 3 years. Specifically, 14 percent said they were planning on retiring, 7 percent said they were looking for a medical job in a non-patient care setting, and 3 percent said they were seeking a job in a non-medical field.For those physicians not leaving clinical practice, many said they would make changes to reduce the number of patients they treat. For instance, 12 percent said they would begin working part-time, 8 percent said they planned to stop taking new patients or markedly reduce their patient load, and 4 percent expressed a desire to work on a temporary basis.When asked about the work ethic of physicians entering practice today, 68 percent of the respondents said that these younger doctors are not as dedicated or as hard working as physicians who entered practice 20 to 30 years ago.Fifty-seven percent of older physicians said they would not recommend medicine as a career to their own children. Similarly, 44 percent said they would not select medicine as a career if they were starting out today."The most ominous (不祥的) finding is that about one half of physicians surveyed plan to either abandon patient care in the next 1 to 3 years, or significantly reduce the number of patients they see," Smith said "The U. S. already is facing a widespread shortage of physicians. Should older, ’workhorse’ physicians choose to opt out of patient care, access to medical services will be further restricted." The survey was focused on()
A. the living conditions of older physicians in the U.S.
B. the career plans of older physicians in the U.S.
C. the retirement plans of older physicians in the U.S.
D. the achievements of older physicians in the U.S.