题目内容
根据下列材料请回答 36～40 题：
第 36 题 Which of the following is NOT true of the Japanese？
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Warm people likely to keep cold at bay
Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill，．new study findings suggest．In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus．3 researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill．
The findings，published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine，build on evidence that a“positive emotional style”5 Can help ward off6 the common cold and other illnesses．Researchers believe the reasons may be．both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose.7
“People with a positive emotional style. may have different immune responses to the virus，”explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh．“And when they do gel a cold，they may interpret their illness as being less severe．”
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that，happier people seemed less susceptible to8 catching a cold，but some questions remained as to9 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect．
For the new study，the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits，selfperceived health and emotional“style．”Those who tended to be happy，energetic and easy—going were judged as having a positive emotional style，while those who were often unhappy，tense and hostile had a negative style．
The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus．Over the next six days，the volunteers reported on any aches，pains，sneezing or congestion they had，while the researchers collected obliective data，like daily mucus production Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes,，happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
第 41 题 According to a study author，when people with a positive emotional style. do get a cold，they may think______
Raiha and colleagues found environmental effects related to all the following factors EXCEPT
Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.
根据以下资料，回答 101～105 题。
2007年，全国研究与试验发展(R&D)经费总支出为3710．2亿元，增长23．5%，研究与试验发展(R&D)经费投入强度(与国内生产总值之比)为1．49%。按研究与试验发展人员(全
时工作量)计算的人均经费支出为21．4万元，比上年增加1．4万元。
分活动类型看，基础研究经费支出为174,5亿元，比上年增长12%；应用研究经费支出为492．9亿元，增长0．8%；试验发展经费支出3042．8亿元，增长29．5%。基础研究、应用研究、试验发展经费支出所占比重分别为4．7%、l3．3%和82%。
分执行部门看，各类企业经费支出为2681．9亿元，比上年增长25．6%；政府部门属研究机构经费支出687．9亿元，增长21．3%；高等学校经费支出314．7亿元，增长13．7%。企业、政府部门属研究机构、高等学校经费支出占全国总支出的比重分别为72．3%、l8．5%和8．5%。
分产业部门看，八大行业的研究与试验发展(R＆D)经费投入强度(与主营业务收入之比)超过1%。专用设备制造业为1．95%，医药制造业为1．82%，通用设备制造业为1．53%，电气机械及器材制造业为1．42%，交通运输设备制造业为1．41%，橡胶制品业为1．28%，通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业为1．15%，仪器仪表及文化、办公用机械制造业为1．03%。
分地区看，研究与试验发展(R&D)经费支出超过100亿元的有北京、江苏、广东、山东、上海、浙江、辽宁、四川、陕西、天津、湖北和河南共12个省(市)，共支出2994．6亿元，占全国经费总支出的80．7%。研究与试验发展(R&D)经费投入强度(与地区生产总值之比)达到或超过全国水平的有北京、上海、天津、陕西、江苏、浙江和辽宁7个省(市)。
第 101 题 2007年，全国研究与试验发展经费总支出相较上一年增加了（）。
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