Which is the correct paragraph leader?...........However, in the 1980s the debt crisis and the ensuing contraction of budgets prompted a re-appraisal of public sector provision. Donors began lobbying for the restructuring of public services; by the 1990s, they were demanding full-scale privatisation. However, implementation of such reforms has been slow.
At the same time, the World Bank increased its support for private investment in utilities through its International Finance Corporation and its Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
B. One of the chief reasons: lack of interest from private investors.
C. Hence, African countries have been caught in a terrible bind. Not only has donor financing of public investment declined but also private investment has followed suit.
D. When countries in sub-Saharan Africa became independent, the state dominated the provision of utilities.
E. Thus, many governments have had to re-align their expectations.
F. The initial hopes for privatisation were so high that donor spending on infrastructure fell in the expectation that the private sector would take up the slack.
Which is the correct paragraph leader?…………………………………..After an initial surge, the pace of privatisation slowed markedly. Between 1990 and 2003, less than four per cent of global private investment in infrastructure went to sub-Saharan Africa.
At the same time, the World Bank increased its support for private investment in utilities through its International Finance Corporation and its Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
B. One of the chief reasons: lack of interest from private investors.
C. Hence, African countries have been caught in a terrible bind. Not only has donor financing of public investment declined but also private investment has followed suit.
D. When countries in sub-Saharan Africa became independent, the state dominated the provision of utilities.
E. Thus, many governments have had to re-align their expectations.
F. The initial hopes for privatisation were so high that donor spending on infrastructure fell in the expectation that the private sector would take up the slack.
Which is the correct paragraph leader?……………………………………..They now focus on creating the right conditions for private investors, having put full-scale privatisation on the back-burner. This approach also involves resorting to short-term management contracts with private firms as an interim measure.
At the same time, the World Bank increased its support for private investment in utilities through its International Finance Corporation and its Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
B. One of the chief reasons: lack of interest from private investors.
C. Hence, African countries have been caught in a terrible bind. Not only has donor financing of public investment declined but also private investment has followed suit.
D. When countries in sub-Saharan Africa became independent, the state dominated the provision of utilities.
E. Thus, many governments have had to re-align their expectations.
F. The initial hopes for privatisation were so high that donor spending on infrastructure fell in the expectation that the private sector would take up the slack.
Which is the correct paragraph leader?…………………………………..For example, World Bank lending for infrastructure investment declined by 50 per cent during 1993-2002, with much of this directed towards preparing firms for privatisation. In 2002, Bank lending for water and sanitation projects, in particular, was only 25 per cent of its annual average during 1993-97.
At the same time, the World Bank increased its support for private investment in utilities through its International Finance Corporation and its Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
B. One of the chief reasons: lack of interest from private investors.
C. Hence, African countries have been caught in a terrible bind. Not only has donor financing of public investment declined but also private investment has followed suit.
D. When countries in sub-Saharan Africa became independent, the state dominated the provision of utilities.
E. Thus, many governments have had to re-align their expectations.
F. The initial hopes for privatisation were so high that donor spending on infrastructure fell in the expectation that the private sector would take up the slack.
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