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Manners on the Roads
It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers"
campaign, otherwise, it may get completely out of hand.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviors. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of
acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don&39;t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is the driver who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.
A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learn to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages (堵塞 ) that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modem motorists can&39;t even learn to drive, let alone be well-mannered on the road. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
According to this passage， troubles on the road are primarily caused by__________. 查看材料
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Respiration plays a key role__________ 查看材料
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Advertising
Advertising is a form. of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to 51 others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can 52
But in the 19th century the mass production of goods 53 the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that 54 the development of the railway and highway made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive. At the same time mass communication first newspapers and magazines then radio and television made mass selling through 55 possible.
The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best 56 to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action 57 be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate or even to join the Army.
Advertising as a 58 developed first and most rapidly in the United States country that uses it to the greatest 59 In 1980 advertising expenditures in the U.S exceeded 55 billion dollars or 60 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product 61 advertising.
62 advertising brings economies of mass selling to the manufacturer it produces benefits for the consumer 63 . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far 64 than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally advertising 65 for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazine and newspapers.
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Cartwright seems to suggest that__________ 查看材料
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Dreams
Of all the components of a good night&39;s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated this revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the
late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind&39;s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line" . And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It&39;s your dream, " says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago&39;s Medical Center, "If you don&39;t like it, change it. "
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement ) sleep --when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the "emotional brain" ) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning ) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day, " says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright&39;s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don&39;t always think about the emotional significance of the day&39;s events -until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there&39;s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic, " Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people&39;s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek
help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream -- on it and you&39;ll feel better in the morning.
Researchers have come to believe that dreams__________ 查看材料
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