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听力原文： Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today--Mr. Robert Washington--chief of our city's police force. He'll address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master's degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force, which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program eight years ago. The idea behind the program is to get police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city. These officers do more than make arrests. They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often, that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working. Crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today, Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now let's welcome Mr. Robert Washington.
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What does Paula Courtney imply by saying "...the shopper must also find a replacement" (Line 2, Paragraph 4 )？
Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers ______.
听力原文：W: Simon, how does it feel to be retired？
M: Well, not so bad.
W: How have you been spending your time？
M: I've been spending more time with my family. I've also travelled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.
W: Great.
M: You know I haven't stopped work completely,
W: Yes, could you tell us more about this？
M: I'm on a scheme that's called phased retirement. I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.
W: How does the scheme work？
M: Well, it's a trial at the moment. Instead of hiring temporary staff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.
W: What sort of works advertised？
M: Well, all sorts of things, really. Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing 1 can do. Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days. I can decide more or less when to work, so I can manage my own time.
W: I can see it's good for you. What does your company get out of this？
M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the job's over, that's it. I'm not on their books any more.
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听力原文： When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech. Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago, and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is, the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year. Each speech is different, because she tailors her remarks to each audience. Through interviews and emails, she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know. On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend. To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about. "How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink and go to the bathroom？" Her answer is, "The spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water containers and a waste collection system." To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies. "Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space？" Her answer is, "No!" To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of spacesuit that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space. Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it's important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.
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