题目内容
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Even if all the technical and intellectual problems can be solved, there axe major social problems inherent in the computer revolution. The most obvious is unemployment, since the basic purpose of commercial computerization is to get more work done by fewer people. One British study predicts that "automation-induced unemployment" in Western Europe could reach 16% in the next decade, but most analyses are more optimistic. The general rule seems to be that new technology eventually creates as many jobs as it destroys, and often more. "People who put in computers usually increase their staffs as well," says CPT's Scheft. "Of course," he adds, "one industry may kill another industry. That's tough on some people."
Theoretically, all unemployed workers eau be retrained, but retraining programs are not high On the nation's agenda(议程). Many new jobs, moreover, will require an ability in using computers, and the retraining needed to use them will have to be repeated as the technology keeps improving. Says a chilling report by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment: "Lifelong retraining is expected to become the standard for many people." There is already considerable evidence that the school children now being educated in the use of computers are generally the children of the white middle class. Young blacks, whose unemployment rate stands today at 50%, will find another barrier in front of them.
Such social problems are not the fault of the computer, of course, but a consequence of the way the American society might use the computer. "Even in the days of the big, main-frame. computers, when they were a machine for the few," says Katherine Davis Fishman, author of The Computer Establishment, "it was a tool to help the rich get richer. It still is to a large extent. One of the great values of the personal computer is that smaller firms, smaller organizations can now have some of the advantages of the bigger firms and organizations. "
The closest restatement of "one industry may kill another industry".(Sent. 6, Para. 1). is that ______.
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Daily changes in the weather affect all of us, no matter what our job or profession. However,【B1】there's very little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect. For this we are indebted(感激的) to our【B2】weather-watchers.
Although it may sound funny to call scientists weather-watchers, there's【B3】funny about what they do. Specifically, weather-watchers are meteorologists(气象学者)【B4】work for the United States Weather Bureau. They study the ocean of【B5】that surrounds the earth and, with the information they get, predict our weather.
The atmosphere【B6】in height from 300 to 700 miles above the earth and is divided into a series of layers or shells. The layer that is most interesting【B7】the meteorologist is the troposphere(对流层) or the layer closest to the earth.【B8】is in the troposphere that all our weather is formed.
【B9】causes our weather is really a very simple process. Endless streams of hot air push up from the earth. As they rise, they are【B10】by the freezing temperatures of the【B11】troposphere. Once it has become cold and heavy, the air【B12】back toward the earth, but it【B13】move down because of the rising hot air. In the meantime, planetary winds, which blow around the earth, or air currents keep both the cold air mass as well as the hot air mass in【B14】.
There are two additional factors that influence these moving air masses.【B15】is water vapor that the rising hot air soaks up like a sponge. The other is temperature Which, by cooling the hot air, forces it to【B16】out its water vapor in the form. of rain, snow, or sleet(雨夹雪).
These air masses【B17】push against each other with tremendous pressure. When a high-pressure mass of air succeeds【B18】pushing out a low-pressure air mass, we have clearing conditions and【B19】weather. When a low-pressure air mass forces out a high-pressure mass of air, stormy weather can be【B20】.
【B1】
Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and, in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to the United States' requirements, life preservers must be simple in design, reversible, capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright Or slightly backward position.
Sufficient Buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after a long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire,
The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his, face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.
The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life preserver should be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should he kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.
The passage is mainly about ______.
A．Catching runaway criminals.B．Scratching the hidden bombs.C．Patrolling the dangerous
A．Red meat.B．White wine.C．Chicken.D．Dessert and coffee.
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