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SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文：M: Do you want to go to the movies with us on Saturday？
W: Thanks, but I have to study my research project. I'm taking that same anthropology course you took with Prof. Gray.
M: The one on ethnographic interviewing？ Oh, good! I'm sure you'll get a lot of it. W: I have to admit the word "ethnography" scared me a little at first. It seems so technical. But then when she explained that it's what anthropologists do, you know, how they investigate and record aspects of a culture, it didn't seem so intimidating!
M: Yeah, it's all part of the field work anthropologists conduct and it's good to start doing that now before you become a graduate student and have to conduct large projects yourself. Who are you going to interview？
W: You know the publishing office where I used to work？ Vivian, the woman I worked for, she's been a manager there for over 30 years and seen a lot of changes in the industry. I thought I'd start out by interviewing her about how the people in the office interact with each other and with outside clients.
M: I think the best part of that course is that it shows you that ethnographic research can also be done on a familiar ground.
W: Yeah. I got the idea from reading Robert Marshal's studying of office life and I realized I already had some background in that. So far, I'm really enjoying this course.
What is the conversation mainly about？
A common assumption about the private sector of education is that it caters only to the elite. 【C1】______ , recent research points in the opposite direction. If we want to help some of most【C2】______ group in society, then encouraging deeper private sector【C3】______ is likely to be the best way forward.
Several developments are【C4】______ in India, all of which involve the private education sector meeting the needs of the poor in distinct ways. But India is not【C5】______ in this respect—similar phenomena are happening all over the developing world.
As a point of【C6】______ how do government schools serve the poor？ Usefully, the government sponsored Public Report on Basic Education in India from 1999 paints a very【C7】______ picture of the "【C8】______ "of the government schools for the poor. When researchers【C9】______ unannounced on their random【C10】______ of the schools, only 53% had any "teaching activity" going on. Alarmingly, the team noted that the【C11】______ of teaching standards has nothing to do【C12】______ disempowered teachers, but instead could be【C13】______ "plain negligence". They noted "several cases of irresponsible teachers keeping a school closed for months at a time".
But is there any【C14】______ to these schools？ Surely no one else can do better than government【C15】______ the resources available？ As it happens, the Report pointed to private schools that were serving the poor and【C16】______ that such problems were not found in these schools. Most parents believed that private schools were successful【C17】______ they were more accountable: "the teachers are accountable to the manager who can fire them, and,【C18】______ him or her, to the parents who can【C19】______ their children." Such accountability was not present in the government schools, and "this contrast is【C20】______ with crystal clarity by vast majority of parents.
【C1】
听力原文： Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the speed of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus by measuring the time between a sound and its reflection-the echo, you can calculate the distance to an obstruction.
During World War II the British made a practical use of this rule to discover planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the object. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can pass through fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to puzzle Germans that they were lying in wait at the right time and were never surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that helped them win the war.
Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them, the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the first letters the word radar was formed.
Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to calculate the______.
______
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