题目内容

案例三
【背景材料】某建筑工程，建筑面积108000 m2，现浇剪力墙结构，地下3层，地上50层。基础埋深14.4 m，底板厚3m，底板混凝土强度等级为C35。底板钢筋施工时，板厚1.5 m处的HRB335级直径16 mm钢筋，在施工单位征得监理单位和建设单位同意后，用HPB235级直径10 mm的钢筋进行代换。施工单位选定了某商品混凝土搅拌站，由该搅拌站为其制定了底板混凝土施工方案。该方案采用溜槽施工．分两层浇筑，每层厚度1.5 m。底板混凝土浇筑时当地最高大气温度38℃，混凝土最高入模温度40℃。浇筑完成12h后采用覆盖一层塑料膜、一层保温岩棉养护7d。测温记录显示：混凝土内部最高温度75℃，其表面最高温度45℃。监理工程师检查发现底板表面混凝土有裂缝，经钻芯取样检查，取样样品均有贯通裂缝。
【问题】
1．该基础底板钢筋代换是否合理？说明理由。
2．商品混凝土供应站编制大体积混凝土施工方案是否合理？说明理由。
3．本工程基础底板产生裂缝的主要原因是什么？
4．大体积混凝土裂缝控制的常用措施是什么？

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Car Maintenance
Once it was considered good practice to let the car engine idle a minute or two following cold starts. Today with modern technology, the opposite is true. An engine operating under road conditions will warm up faster and run more efficiently than one that is idling.(46).
When you have a full tank of gas, park the car facing downhill if possible; this will prevent any gas from coming out of the tank.(47). Your car will stay cooler, too, and that means less gas-eating work for the air conditioner once the engine is started.
(48). Narrow-track tires produce less friction and thus less rolling resistance. The same effect is achieved by adding three to five pounds above the recommended pressure to each tire, without exceeding 32 p. s. i.; while this won't noticeably affect your car's riding quality, it will increase tire life and gas mileage.
Check tire pressure often, especially when the weather turns cold.(49). This could Cost you two miles per gallon.
Fuel-economy tests show that radial tires improve gas mileage. A car that gets 15 miles per gallon with conventional tires would get 16 miles per gallon with radials.
Snow tires should be fixed no sooner than necessary and removed as soon as weather permits.(50),and you pay a one-to-three-mile-per-gallon loss when you have "snows" on.
A Stay away from popular widetrack tires if you want mileage
B Idling just burns gas(on average, about a gallon an hour)
C They commonly are harmful to other parts of the car
D They generate more rolling resistance than conventional tires
E Parking in areas of less or no sunlight helps prevent the gas from steaming that would occur if you parked in the hot sun
F The difference between winter and summer tire pressures can be as much as eight pounds

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