题目内容
According to the Journal of Gene Medicine (2012), during the 1990s, for 69% of human patients, the main target disease by gene therapy was cancer. But only 10% of protocols reached phase III.
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The rather discouraging decade of the 1990s finished badly in September 1999 with the widely publicized death of Jesse Gelsinger, an 18-year-old man undergoing gene therapy for the kidney genetic disease ornithine transcarboxylase deficiency (OTCD) — a shadow over the whole field of gene-based therapies.
Since2003,5patientswithX-linkedseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydevelopedaleukemia-likesyndromenearly2.5-5yearsafterbeingtreatedwithretroviralgenetherapy.4outofthese5patientsareinremissionafterchemotherapyandingoodconditionwithdetectablegenemarkinginperipheralbloodcells.Initiationoftransformationwastracedbacktoinsertionalactivationoftheproto-oncogeneLMN2,atranscriptionalcofactor,whichinadditiontoitsroleinHSCdevelopment,promotesself-renewalofcommittedTcellswhenoverexpressedtherebyfacilitatingtheacquisitionofadditionalmutations.
Gendicine™ is a replicative virus and received approval for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
The China's State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) approved Gendicine in 2003 with data from a standard phase III clinical trial.
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