题目内容
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文：M: Oh, Janna, you're early! I'm happy you're here early today because I'd like to discuss your attendance for a moment.
W: Gee, Dr. Livingston, I'm really sorry about missing yesterday.
M: Actually, it's been several days. Counting today, we've only had 6 classes, yet you've already missed 4. You won't be able to pass if you're constantly absent.
W: Sorry, I've been extremely busy.
M: Well, I hope you're ready for today's exam.
W: Today？ I thought it was Monday!
M: Read the syllabus, Janna; this is precisely what I'm talking about. You should either make an effort to attend, or you should consider withdrawing while it's still possible.
W: What do you mean？
M: Today's the final day you can withdraw and get a full refund.
W: Maybe I really should. What do you suggest？
M: I wish you could attend classes regularly; however, if you don't believe you're capable of this, then don't waste your money.
W: Thanks, Dr. Livingston; I really appreciate your advice. If it's okay, I suppose I'll go ahead and drop the class.
M: It's entirely up to you, but that might be best if you don't think things are going to change.
What did the man want to discuss with the woman？
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Ironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough than typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. The typist's dread of having to get out the Tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing if he has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consistently choose the safer option in his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. In word processing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining the advantage of looking formally finished.
This has, I think, two apparently contradictory effects. The initial writing can become excessively sloppy and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. That crucial first inspiration is never easy to recapture though, and therefore, on the other hand, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a larger part of composition. However these are faults easier to detect in others than in oneself.
For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writers interviewed by Hammond say it has improved their style. ("immensely", says Deighton). Seeing your own words on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them.
Thus it is not just by freeing you from the labour of mechanical re-typing that a word processor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has increased his output by 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for this — your slave works hard and so do you.
Are there no drawbacks？ It costs a lot and takes time to learn — "expect to lose weeks of work", says Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it is possible to lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. The awareness that what you have written no longer exists at all anywhere, is unbelievably enraging and baffling.
According to the first paragraph of the passage, what is the obvious change for professional writers in Britain and the USA？
This Ohio period gave Stowe the impetus to write Uncle Tom's Cabin. Cincinnati was just across the river from the slave trade, and she observed firsthand several incidents which galvanized her to write famous anti-slavery novel. Scenes she observed on the Ohio River, including seeing a husband and wife being sold apart, as well as newspaper and magazine accounts and interviews, contributed material to the e-merging plot. The family shared her abolitionist sentiment and was active in hiding runaway slaves.
In 1850 Calvin Stowe was appointed at Bowdoin, and the entire family returned to the Northeast. They reached Boston at the height of the public furor over the 1850 Fugitive Slaye Law, which mandated the return of runaway slaves already in the North to their owners. Many former slaves fled to Canada from their homes in New England. Harriet set about writing a polemical novel illustrating the moral responsibility of the entire nation for the cruel system. She forwarded the first episodes to Dr. Bailey, editor of the Washington anti-slavery weekly, The National Era. He agreed to pay ＄ 300 for the work, then published it in 40 installments. The suspenseful episodes were read weekly to families and gatherings throughout the land. Despite The National Era's small circulation, limited to an audience already sympathetic to abolitionism, the installments reached a large audience as worn copies were passed from family to family. Although many Northerners considered slavery a political institution for which they had no personal responsibility, Uncle Tom's Cabin was becoming a national sensation.
The episodes attracted the attention of Boston publisher, J. P. Jewett, who published the work in March of 1852. Uncle Tom's Cabin immediately broke all sales records of the day: selling half-a-million copies by 1857. Harriet Beecher Stowe received royalties only on the American editions; unauthorized dramatic productions boomed, as did a profusion of artifacts, "Tomitudes," based on the story. Pirated European editions also had astronomical sales. Putnam's Magazine called Uncle Tom's Cabin "the first real success in bookmaking." Stowe went on to many other literary projects, producing about a book a year from 1862 to 1884. For all the attention given to Uncle Tom's Cabin, it's far from Stowe's best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing the south at all. In fact, Stowe's best writing is about village life in the New England's states in the 19th century. However, she is still most remembered as the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin.
What contributed to Stowe's success in writing？
M: Sure, Mrs. Zhang. Which hotel is she booked at？
W: Friendship Hotel, and everything has been arranged, under her name.
M: Shall I take one of the company cars？
W: No. Because we're negotiating such a large purchase with her, it's in our best interest to show hq around in style. We've rented a very luxurious car.
M: Good idea. I'd better be on my way.
W: Uh, Alex, do you have a jacket and tie at the office today？
M: Yes. Why do you ask？
W: I know it is very humid, and the dress code is pretty casual here. But I think it's important to look professional when a client is visiting.
M: I understand. I'll have my suit jacket and tie on when I meet Ms. Rachel.
W: Fine. And I think it would be proper if you leave your jacket on, unless Ms. Rachel takes hers off first, or mentions how hot it is.
M: I follow you. Then I can suggest that she take off her jacket, then follow suit.
W: Yes. It's important that we pay attention to the details.
M: Will she visit our office today？
W: She'll probably have jet lag today, so nothing's scheduled today.
M: I'll take her right to the hotel then, so she can get some shut-eye.
W: Good. And please remind her that dinner is optional tonight, if she's not too tired. Otherwise, we have a meeting scheduled for 10 a.m. tomorrow morning.
M: Yes, madam.
(20)
听力原文： Washington
The Federal Reserve cut interest rates by a modest quarter-percentage point on Tuesday, disappointing Wall Street hopes for bolder action but offering a bit more help to an economy facing credit strains and a deep housing slump.
The central bank's decision takes the bellwether federal funds rate, which governs overnight lending between banks, down to 4.25 percent. While the action was widely expected, some economists had thought the Fed might offer a bolder half-point reduction.
In a related move, the Fed trimmed the discount rate it charges for direct loans to banks by a matching quarter point. Here too, some market participants were dissatisfied. Many had thought the Fed would lower the discount rate by more than the federal funds rate to lubricate tight credit markets.
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Subtropical Storm Olga knocked out power and caused widespread flooding in Puerto Rico on Tuesday and threatened the Caribbean island of Hispaniola with torrential downpours and mudslides.
Olga was a relatively weak storm with top sustained winds of 45 mph and forecasters at the U.S. National Hurricane Center predicted strong winds in the upper atmosphere would start to tug it apart on Wednesday.
They said Olga's greatest threat was its torrential rains.
"These rains have already produced life-threatening flash floods and mudslides in Puerto Rico," the forecasters said in an advisory.
Tropical storm warnings and watches were issued for parts of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, which share the island of Hispaniola, and for the Turks and Caicos islands and the southeastern Bahamas.
Paris
New passenger car registrations in the European Union in November fell 1.3 percent to 1.217 million vehicles from a year ago but were up 0.9 percent over the first 11 months, the ACEA European car association said on Friday.
Total European sales were down 1.1 percent in November and rose 1.1 percent for the 11 months.
ACEA said private demand in most of the countries of western Europe was damped by sharp rises in fuel prices, loss of purchasing power and regulatory changes.
Among car makers, Volkswagen Group remained the market leader for the 11 months, but its market share slipped to 19.7 percent from 20.1 percent.
London
The European Medicines Agency said on Friday that new warnings for doctors and patients were needed to increase awareness of cases of suicidal thoughts linked to Pfizer Inc's new smoking cessation pill.
Pfizer has been asked to submit changes to the marketing information for the product— sold as Champix in Europe and Chantix in the United States—before Dec. 19.
The move follows similar action by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which issued a warning last month about Chantix, amid reports of suicidal thoughts and behaviour, and at least one death potentially linked to the medication.
Pfizer said there was no scientific evidence establishing a causal relationship between its medicine and these reported events, adding it was working closely with the European watchdog to review case histories.
New York
Amazon.com Inc, the Web retailer known for selling books, said it had paid about $ 4 million to buy a handwritten, illustrated book of wizardry by "Harry Potter" author J.K. Rowling.
Sotheby's on Thursday held an auction for the book called "The Tales of Beedle the Bard", which was mentioned in the last Potter book as having been left to Harry's friend Hermione by their teacher, Albus Dumbledore.
London dealer Hazlitt, Gooden and Fox had the winning bid of 1. 95 million pounds ($ 3.98 million) on behalf of Amazon. com.
All proceeds from the sale will go to the Children's Voice, a charity Rowling co-founded in 2005 to help vulnerable children across Europe.
Amazon. co
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