题目内容
Most Maori people can trace descent for the chiefs of Hawaiki who sailed to Aotearoa in ocean-going sailing canoes. Aotearoa had been discovered by the great explorer Kupe who passed on sailing directions when he returned to Hawaiki. Archaeological evidence supports Maori oral traditions and genealogical records which suggest Kupe lived about 1200 years ago. The colonists from Hawaiki--probably situated in the area now known as French Polynesia--found other Polynesian people already living in Aotearoa. The voyagers inter-married with them and established a tribal society in which kinship and links with land are key elements.
The marae--the meeting house and land around it--is the focus of Maori community life. The land and buildings are the venue for major social, political and ceremonial occasions. The meeting house synthesizes many aspects of Maori design and craft: the structure itself has a human form. and is named after an ancestor, and it signifies the unity of the tribal group. The open ground in front of the house is symbolic of the tribal land holding from which tribal identity and mana (prestige) are derived. The whole marae operates according to democratic principles which have evolved from the strict codes of behaviour that governed every aspect of traditional life.
Today, the majority of Maori people live away from the marae. Many live and work in cities and must make special efforts to maintain social and cultural links with their Maori heritage. It is especially difficult for younger people who are two or three generations removed from tribal lands and lifestyle. The decline of Maori language especially since the Second World War, is an indicator of the stress affecting the Maori community.
Nevertheless, Maori have succeeded in maintaining their distinctive identity, their Maoritanga, and these traditional values and institutions are the springboard for the current resurgence of Maori culture.
We learn from the passage that the first settlers of New Zealand were ______.
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The author of the passage is ______
According to psychologists, successful people who lie about themselves ______
It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called "Wali Ullah" or "those close to God," energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wall Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. "If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can't hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired." Hadisiko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and those formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to he considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. "With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. "Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than ＄3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike's boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan—the "search for the inner self."
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. "Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie's think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation," he said.
What is the most important factor in Indonesian doing business？
With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China 【B1】______ a family planning program in 1971, India has been closing the 【B2】______ . Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly 【B3】______ the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India's population will 【B4】______ China's around the year 2028 【B5】______ about 1.7 billion. Should that happen, it won't be the 【B6】______ of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. 【B7】______ India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala's population is virtually 【B8】______ . The reason is no mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, 【B9】______ about 40% in the entire nation.
The difference 【B10】______ the emphasis put on health programs, 【B11】______ birth control, by the state authorities, 【B12】______ in 1957 became India's first elected Communist 【B13】______ . And an educational tradition and matrilineal (母系的) customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get 【B14】______ good schooling. While one in three Indian women is 【B15】______ , 90%of those in Kerala can read and write.
Higher literacy rates 【B16】______ Family planning. "Unlike our Parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have 【B17】______ of them," says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the Village of Kudamaloor. She has limited herself 【B18】______ three children--one below the national 【B19】______ of four. That kind of restraint (抑制, 克制) will keep Kerala from putting added 【B20】______ on world food supplies.
【B1】______
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