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Polydactyly is the condition of having extra fingers or toes. Some polydactylous persons possess extra fingers or toes that are fully functional, whereas others possess only a small tag of extra skin.

A. variable expressivity
B. complete dominance
C. independent assortment
D. complementation
E. cytoplasmic inheritance

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The bicoid mutation (bcd) in fruit flies is inherited as a maternal effect recessive allele. What is the expected ratio of phenotypes in the offspring of a cross between a heterozygous +/bcd female an

A. all normal
B. 1 normal : 1 mutant
C. 3 mutant : 1 normal
D. all mutant

Achondroplasia is a common cause of dwarfism in humans. All individuals with achondroplasia are thought to be heterozygous at the locus that controls this trait. When two individuals with achondroplas

A. The allele that causes achondroplasia is a recessive lethal allele
B. Achondroplasia is incompletely dominant to the normal condition
C. Achondroplasia is codominant to the normal condition
D. The allele that causes achondroplasia is a dominant lethal allele
E. The allele that causes achondroplasia is a late-onset lethal allele

Red–green color blindness is X-linked recessive. A woman with normal color vision has a father who is color blind. The woman has a child with a man with normal color vision. Which phenotype is NOT exp

A. a color-blind femal
B. a color-blind male
C. a noncolor-blind female
D. a noncolor-blind male

In Drosophila, flies that are XXY but have a normal diploid set of autosomes have been found. Such XXY chromosome constitutions have also been found in humans. The sex of such individuals is expected

A. female in Drosophila but male in humans
B. male in both Drosophila and humans
C. female in both Drosophila and humans
D. male in Drosophila but female in humans
E. intersexes in Drosophila and males in humans

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