题目内容
The Greatest Mystery Of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them —and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many(51)of this. Its front flippers (鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet.
Immense strength is(52)into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale's body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated(53)400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for seven hours at the(54)of eight knots (节).
An angry whale will(55)a ship. A famous example of this was the fate of whaler Essex,(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have(57)their plates buckled (使弯曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鲸) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest(58)of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale dives to the bottom for his(59)food, the octopus (章鱼). in that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the(60)is 1,400 pounds, to a square inch Doing so he will(61)underwater long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this: storing up enough(62)(all whales are air-breathed) and tolerating the great change in pressure. Just how he does it scientists have not(63). It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special(64)of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But since you can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study, no one knows just how these things work.
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Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to______.
In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they' re nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a tenmonth-old kid.
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
Imitating the brain' s neural (神经) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but is still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors," he explains, "but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves." Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow A1 rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today______.
The word "metamorphosis" (para. 4) could best be replaced by ______.
A．She will have more contact with students.B．It will bring her capability into fuller
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