Confirmatory imaging studies for brain death include:
A. Radionuclide angiography and brain perfusion nuclear medicine imaging (Tc-99m HMPAO or Tc-99m ECD)
B. Magnetic resonance angiography
CT angiography and four vessel cerebral angiography
D. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound
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Pre-mortem donor interventions may include:
A. Blood testing for donor eligibility (tissue typing, cross match, virology screen and organ function testing)
B. Staged preparation for in situ preservation or extracorporeal oxygenated perfusion, which may include sterile preparation and draping of the surgical field, isolation of femoral vessels by surgical cutdown and cannulation of vessels
C. Pharmacological interventions: administration of anticoagulants (e.g., heparin), arterial vasodilators (e.g., phentolamine) and thrombolytics. To be effective, intact circulation (prior to death) is required for systemic distribution, although some centers administer them after death in the preservation solution.
D. preprationof money to pay donors' family
Post-mortem donor interventions may include:
A. Vessel cannulation
B. In situ perfusion with preservation solution
C. Re-institution of chest compressions and mechanical ventilation
D. Extracorporeal oxygenation and perfusion
Absolute contraindications to cadaveric organ donation include:
A. Malignancy outside central nervous system; prolonged warm ischemia
B. Long-standing hypertension; hepatitis B surface antigen
C. Sepsis; intravenous drug abuse
D. Human immunodeficiency virus positive (but allowed to HIV recipients)
Organ donors may be:
A. living
B. brain dead
C. cardiac (circulatory) dead
D. brainstem dead
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