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按照地方组织法和立法法的规定,省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会根据本行政区域的具体情况和实际需要,在不同宪法、法律、行政法规相抵触的前提下,可以制定和颁布地方性法规,报全国人大常委会和国务院备案。
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Read the following speech. Then answer the questions on the right.How to overcome academic anxiety in college1 I'm standing here today to talk about something that many, or possibly all of us, have experienced more or less in college. Take a moment to think about your school life. Have you ever felt nervous about a test that's coming up soon? Have you ever been worried about not being able to get a term paper done on time? What causes us to suffer from nerves in these and other similar situations is academic anxiety, a common emotional problem among college students. As a senior myself, I've once fretted (烦恼；发愁) over schoolwork: I was afraid that I might fail in a test; I panicked over deadlines ...; And I've seen others around me face similar stress. But here I'd like to say that academic anxiety in college can be effectively tackled through sound approaches. I will first talk about the current situation of academic anxiety among college students, mainly its seriousness, and then I will introduce some effective methods that students can use to fight the problem.2 How serious is the problem of academic anxiety in college, and what are its consequences? The truth is that academic anxiety is prevalent in colleges and universities across the country. According to the China Youth and Children Research Association, anxiety disorders, either directly or indirectly related to academic issues, increased 8 percent between 1992 and 2005. The percentage of students who sought help at counseling centers in 2012 reached 13 percent, the highest proportion ever found. If it stays long, academic anxiety can have various negative effects. It hinders your academic performance, making you unable to sleep well at night or hard to concentrate in class. In addition, it may lead to more serious psychological problems, including severe depression and suicide.3 Now that we have seen how serious the problem is, let's look at what we can do to overcome the problem. I will introduce three methods – keeping things organized, making room for fun actives, and developing a healthy lifestyle.4 First, keep things organized. Studies show that the pressure to meet deadlines is the primary cause of academic anxiety. However, you can reduce the stress by organizing things in advance. Keep track of your schedule and give yourself more time than you will need. For example, you can mark the due dates of assignments and papers on a calendar and plan your study sessions accordingly. With good preparation, you will feel confident and motivated about finishing work on time, and hence you can achieve better performance.5 Second, make room for fun activities. You should have some entertainment to "escape" from textbooks once in a while. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." There are diverse resources on campus to explore. Sign up for a club, go to a party, or find a hobby, such as playing a sport or being part of a choir. By having some fun with other people, you can get something relaxing to do, free of the pressure to succeed.6 Third, develop a healthy lifestyle. It is important to eat well, get enough sleep, and do regular exercise. If you have to stay up all night on certain occasions, then you should make time to get a few extra hours' sleep the next night. A healthy lifestyle will help you stay energetic, decrease jitters (忐忑不安) and do well in class. According to a report published by Kansas State University, USA, there is a significant link between a healthy lifestyle and students' grade point average (GPA).7 In conclusion, academic anxiety is a common emotional problem in college, but we can overcome it with proper strategies like being organized, sparing some time for fun and living healthily. Next time when you are about to take a test, I hope you won't toss and turn (辗转反侧) in bed the night before, but will be able to embrace it with confidence, ease and calm. Thank you!1.How does the speaker get the audience interested in the topic?2.How does the speaker establish his / her credibility on the subject?3.What is the thesis of the speech?4.Which sentence previews the main points presented in the body?5.What does the speaker do in the conclusion?6.What types of connectives are used in the speech? Give at least two.
Complete the following outline of the body of the speech.How to overcome academic anxiety in college1 I'm standing here today to talk about something that many, or possibly all of us, have experienced more or less in college. Take a moment to think about your school life. Have you ever felt nervous about a test that's coming up soon? Have you ever been worried about not being able to get a term paper done on time? What causes us to suffer from nerves in these and other similar situations is academic anxiety, a common emotional problem among college students. As a senior myself, I've once fretted (烦恼；发愁) over schoolwork: I was afraid that I might fail in a test; I panicked over deadlines … And I've seen others around me face similar stress. But here I'd like to say that academic anxiety in college can be effectively tackled through sound approaches. I will first talk about the current situation of academic anxiety among college students, mainly its seriousness, and then I will introduce some effective methods that students can use to fight the problem.2 How serious is the problem of academic anxiety in college, and what are its consequences? The truth is that academic anxiety is prevalent in colleges and universities across the country. According to the China Youth and Children Research Association, anxiety disorders, either directly or indirectly related to academic issues, increased 8 percent between 1992 and 2005. The percentage of students who sought help at counseling centers in 2012 reached 13 percent, the highest proportion ever found. If it stays long, academic anxiety can have various negative effects. It hinders your academic performance, making you unable to sleep well at night or hard to concentrate in class. In addition, it may lead to more serious psychological problems, including severe depression and suicide.3 Now that we have seen how serious the problem is, let's look at what we can do to overcome the problem. I will introduce three methods – keeping things organized, making room for fun actives, and developing a healthy lifestyle.4 First, keep things organized. Studies show that the pressure to meet deadlines is the primary cause of academic anxiety. However, you can reduce the stress by organizing things in advance. Keep track of your schedule and give yourself more time than you will need. For example, you can mark the due dates of assignments and papers on a calendar and plan your study sessions accordingly. With good preparation, you will feel confident and motivated about finishing work on time, and hence you can achieve better performance.5 Second, make room for fun activities. You should have some entertainment to "escape" from textbooks once in a while. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." There are diverse resources on campus to explore. Sign up for a club, go to a party, or find a hobby, such as playing a sport or being part of a choir. By having some fun with other people, you can get something relaxing to do, free of the pressure to succeed.6 Third, develop a healthy lifestyle. It is important to eat well, get enough sleep, and do regular exercise. If you have to stay up all night on certain occasions, then you should make time to get a few extra hours' sleep the next night. A healthy lifestyle will help you stay energetic, decrease jitters (忐忑不安) and do well in class. According to a report published by Kansas State University, USA, there is a significant link between a healthy lifestyle and students' grade point average (GPA).7 In conclusion, academic anxiety is a common emotional problem in college, but we can overcome it with proper strategies like being organized, sparing some time for fun and living healthily. Next time when you are about to take a test, I hope you won't toss and turn (辗转反侧) in bed the night before, but will be able to embrace it with confidence, ease and calm. Thank you!I. Current situationA. 1)__________________in colleges and universities across the country1. increasing rate of anxiety disorders2. high proportion of students seeking help at counseling centers in 2012B. If it stays long, academic anxiety 2)_________________.1. hinder academic performance2. cause more serious psychological problemsII. 3)_____________________A. keep things organized1. organize things in advance2. benefit: feel confident and motivatedB. 4)____________________1. have entertainment to "escape" from textbooks2. diverse resources on campus3. benefit: get something to work on free of pressureC. 5)______________________1. eat well, get enough sleep, and do regular exercise2. benefit: stay energetic, decrease jitters and do well in class3. statistics from Kansas State University
为了实现液压缸的差动连接，采用电磁换向阀的中位滑阀必须是______；
要实现泵卸荷，可采用三位换向阀的______ 中位滑阀机能。
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