题目内容
Although 【21】______ circuits made computers smaller, the processing units still consisted 【22】______ a number of circuits on separate chips. In 1971, an engineer working for Intel realized that a 【23】______ of circuits commissioned for an electronic calculator could all be put 【24】______ one chip, and that the resulting device could be used 【25】______ a general-purpose "computer on a chip". The result was the Intel 4004 -- the world's first microprocessor. Physically, it consisted of a silicon chip in a protective ceramic capsule, with a set of metal pins sticking 【26】______ that connected it to other components in whatever 【27】______ it controlled. It 【28】______ 2,300 transistors, 【29】______ 60,000 operations per second, and could be used for any device -- including computers and robots -- that required a "brain" for accepting 【30】______ and following a program of 【31】______ to produce an output. Within five years, many very powerful microprocessors had 【32】______ .The invention of microprocessors 【33】______ the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer (PC)-- an affordable machine for 【34】______ The first PCs, in kit form, appeared in the mid 1970s, and by the mid-1980s machines such as the Apple Macintosh and those based 【35】______ a PC first 【36】______ by IBM in 1981 were popular throughout the world. The success of these machines led to an explosion of software, in 【37】______ a range of spreadsheet, word-processing, graphic, educational, and games programs. Since the 1980s, a number of strong-intertwined themes have 【38】______ the computer revolution forward, including a continuing increase in the processing power and decrease in the size and cost of PCs; a switch of emphasis from 【39】______ to linked machines, as evidenced by the growth of local area networks and the Internet; and the spread of computer applications into virtually every 【40】______ of home and business life.
【21】
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远期股权合约是指在将来某一特定日期按约定的价格交付一定数量单个股票或一篮子股票的协议。()
Tourism develops culture. It broadens the thinking of the traveler and leads to culture contact between the hosts and guests from far-off places. This can benefit the locals, since tourists bring culture with them.
Tourism may help to preserve indigenous customs, as when traditional shows, parades, celebrations and festivals are put on for tourists. The musicals, plays and serious drama of London theatres and other kinds of nightlife are largely supported by tourists. Such events might disappear without the stimulus of tourism to maintain them.
On the other hand, tourism often contributes to the disappearance of local traditions and folklore. Churches, temples and similar places of worship are treated as tourist attractions. This can be at the expense of their original function: how many believers want to worship in the middle of a flow of atheist invaders？ Who would want to pray while curious onlookers shuffle to and fro with guide books, rather than prayer books, in their hands？
Tourism may bring other indirect cultural consequences in its wake. Tensions which already exist between ancient and more modern ways may be deepened by tourists' ignorance of local customs and beliefs. Tourists, if not actually richer, often seem more well-off than natives. The former may therefore feel superior, leaving the latter embarrassed about their lifestyles. The result maybe an inferior feeling which hardly helps the sense of identity which is so important to regional culture. The poverty of a locality can look even worse when contrasted with the comfortable hotel environment inhabited by tourists. Prosperous retired or elderly tourists from Britain, where the average life expectancy is 75 years, may well generate resentment in Sierra Leone, where the local population can expect to live to no more than 41 years. The relative prosperity of tourists may encourage crime. In Gambia, unemployed young people offer to act as "professional friends"--guides, companions or sexual partners in return for money. When the tourism season is over they can no longer get wages that way so they turn to petty stealing from the local populace. All this affects the local social life and culture adversely.
Cultural erosion can also take place at more subtle levels. Greek villagers traditionally prided themselves on their hospitality. They would put up travelers for free, feeding them and listening to their stories. To take money would have been a disgrace. That has changed now. Tourists exist to be exploited. Perhaps this is hardly surprising if the earnings from one room rented to a tourist can exceed a teacher's monthly salary.
Tourism can help the following except ______.
Why were the supporters of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher indignant at Pinochet's detention？
One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents' victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said, "This wasn't hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished." The president of the Federation said later that such behavior. could result in suspension of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they wouldn't yield the first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.
According to the author, recent Olympic Games have______.
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