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听力原文：M: What would you do if you beard a strange noise in the middle of the night？
W: I'd lie awake a little while, waiting to see if it happened again. And if it did, I'd get up.
Q: How would you describe the woman？
(14)
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听力原文：W: I'm learning a lot in my philosophy class. Have you ever taken any courses m that department？
M: Only the one last year, none since then.
Q: What does the man mean？
(16)
Is College Really Worth the Money？
The Real World
Este Griffith had it all figured out. When she graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in April 2001, she had her sights set on one thing: working for a labor union.
The real world had other ideas. Griffith left school with not only a degree but a boatload of debt. She owed $15,000 in student loans and had racked up $4.000 in credit card debt for books, groceries and other expenses. No labor union job could pay enough to bail her out.
So Griffith went to work instead for a Washington. D.C. firm that specializes in economic development. Problem solved？ Nope. At age 24. she takes home about $1.800 a month. $1.200 of which-disappears to pay her tent. Add another $t80 a month to retire her student loans and $300 a month to whittle down her credit card balance. "You do the math." she says.
Griffith has practically no money to live on. She brown-bags(自带午餐) her lunch and bikes to work. Above all, she fears she'll never own a house or be able to retire. It's not that she regrets getting her degree. "But they don't tell you that the trade-off is the next ten years of your income." she says
That's precisely the deal being made by more and more college students. They're mortgaging their futures to meet soaring tuition costs and other college expenses. Like Griffith. they're facing a one-two punch at graduation: hefty(沉重的) student loans and smothering credit card debt not to mention a job market that, for now anyway, is dismal.
"We are forcing our children to make a choice between two evils." says Elizabeth Warren. a Harvard Law professor and expert on bankruptcy. "Skip college and face a life of diminished opportunity, or go to college end face a life shackled(束缚 ) by debt."
Tuition Hikes
For some time. colleges have insisted their steep tuition hikes are needed to pay for cutting-edge technologies, faculty and administration salaries, end rising health care costs. Now there's a new culprit(犯人): shrinking state support. Caught in a severe budget crunch, many states have sharply scaled back their funding for higher education.
Someone had to make up for those lost dollars. And you can guess who---especially if you live in Massachusetts, which last year hiked its tuition and fees by 24 percent, after funding dropped by 3 percent, or in Missouri, where appropriations (拨款) fell by t0 percent, but tuition rose at double that rate. About one-third of the states, in fact, have increased tuition and fees by more then 10 percent.
One of those states is California, and Janet Burrell's family is feeling the palm A bookkeeper m Torrance, Burrell has a daughter at the University of California at Davis. Meanwhile, her sons attend two-year colleges because Burrell can't afford to have all of them in four-year schools at once.
Meanwhile, even with tuition hikes, California's community colleges are so strapped for cash they dropped thousands of classes last spring. The result: 54,000 fewer students.
Collapsing Investments
Many families thought they had a surefire plan: even if tuition kept skyrocketing, they had invested enough money along the way to meet the costs. Then a funny thing happened on the way to Wall Street. Those investments collapsed with the stock market. Among the losers last year: the wildly popular "529" plans--federal tax-exempt college savings plans offered by individual states, which have attracted billions from families around the country. "We hear fr0m many parents that what they had set aside declined in value so much that they now don't have enough to see their students through," says Penn State financial aid director Anna Griswold, who witnessed a 10 percent increase in loan applications last year. Even with a market that may be slowly recovering, it will take time, perhap
Part C
Directions: Answer questions 71-80 by referring to the following games.
Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once.
Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once.
A = BOOK REVIEW 1 B = BOOK REVIEW 2
C = BOOK REVIEWS 3 D = BOOK REVIEW 4
Which book review(s)contain(s)the following information？
Comparison of the significance of two economic books. 71.______
Stiglitz' s prestige in the field of economics. 72.______
Stiglitz' s criticism of those who exaggerated the power of markets in developing countries. 73.______
Policy making should consider local conditions. 74. ______
The intervention of government is the way to assist globalization. 75.______
Stiglitz' s dedication to the development of poor countries. 76.______
Stiglitz' s preference of one type of economic policy over another one. 77.______
More people joined Stiglitz in criticizing free trade and globalization. 78.______
Stiglitz' s points have been supported by what actually happened in the country. 79.______
Mainly gives positive comments on Stiglitz and his new book. 80.______
A
The main point of the book is simple: globalization is not helping many poor countries. Incomes are not rising in much of the world, and adoption of market-based policies such as open capital markets, free trade, and privatization are making developing economies less stable, not more. Instead of a bigger dose of free markets, Stiglitz argues, what' s needed to make globalization work better is more and smarter government intervention. While this has been said before, the ideas carry more weight coming from someone with Stiglitz' s credentials. In some ways, this book has the potential to be the liberal equivalent of Milton Friedman' s 1962 classic Capitalism and Freedom, which helped provide the intellectual foundation for a generation of conservatives. But Globalization and Its Discontents does not rise to the level of capitalism and freedom. While Stiglitz makes a strong case for government-oriented development policy, he ignores some key arguments in favor of the market. " The book' s main villain is the International Monetary Fund, the Washington organization that lends to troubled countries" , Stiglitz' contempt for the IMF is boundless, "It is clear that the IMF has failed in its mission, " he declares. "Many of the policies that the IMF pushed have contributed to global instability. "
B
While parts of this book are disappointingly shallow, Stiglitz' s critique of the market-driven 90' s still resonates, especially when the business page is full of stories about white-collar crime and the stock market seems stuck in a perpetual rut. Even the United States cannot blithely assume that financial markets will work on autopilot. It is testament to the salience of Stiglitz' s arguments that many economists—even some Bush Administration officials—now embrace his view that economic change in the developing world must evolve more with local conditions, not on Washington' s calendar. Without a thorough makeover, globalization could easily become a quagmire. Stiglitz shared a Nobel Prize last year for his work analyzing the imperfections of markets. His main complaint a-gainst Rubin and Summers, who served as Treasury Secretaries, and against Fischer, the NO. 2 official and de facto chief executive of the international Monetary Fund, is that they had too much faith that markets could transform. poor countries overnight. He labels these three men market fundamentalists, who fought to maintain financial sta
The history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli(1444 —1510)suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticelli' s work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticelli' s work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs.(Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes.)
The primary reason for Botticelli' s unpopularity is not difficult to understand: most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of the fifteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro.
Another reason for Botticelli' s unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style. of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from, the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style. that was. only slightly similar to that of classical art.
In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticelli' s work to the tradition of the fifteenth century Horentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater(although he, unfortunately , based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticelli' s personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticelli' s work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines—features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that. Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves—rather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central.
Because of Home' s emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Botticelli' s a-chievements.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text？
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