题目内容
The basis for trade is explained by the principle of absolute advantage according to David Ricardo and the principle of comparative advantage according to Adam Smith.
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The principle of comparative advantage contends that a nation should specialize in and export the good in which its absolute advantage is smallest or its absolute disadvantage is greatest.
The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage assumes only two nations and two products, labor can move freely within a nation, and perfect competition exists in all markets.
Assume that the United States is more efficient than the United Kingdom in the production of all goods. Mutually beneficial trade is possible according to the principle of absolute advantage, but is impossible according to the principle of comparative advantage.
It is possible for a nation not to have an absolute advantage in anything; but it is not possible for one nation to have a comparative advantage in everything and the other nation in nothing.
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