题目内容
Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken, your pupils expand to admit more light, large quantities of energy producing adrenaline(肾上腺素)are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fli'e or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight(逃离). Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that is becomes a problem.
Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.
Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problems.
Phil's dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because "the car might break down." Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.
In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, "our particular creature" refers to ______ .
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M: Why don't you check back after the first week？ Somebody might drop it.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do？
(18)
听力原文：W: I wish I didn't have to make a special trip to the post office to get my package.
M: Well, if you call them in the morning, they'll give the package to your mail carrier to bring out to you.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do？
(16)
In The Birth order Book: Why You Are the Way You Are(2004), Dr. Kevin Leman notes that 21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children. More than half of United States presidents have been first-borns or first-born boys. It's a pretty significant finding historically, because families used to be bigger than they are today.
In addition to being high achievers, older children also generally have higher IQs (智商) than younger ones. Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has, the lower each child's individual IQ tends to be. They give a few reasons for this.
Parents only have so much time, attention, and money. The more kids they have, the more these things are divided. First-borns initially get the entire parental-time pie. What's more, the ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby. So the younger ones are surrounded by more children's language on average than the older kids.
Some researchers think parental attention is the key to personality birth-order differences. In his book Born to Rebel, psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dad's attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and, in fact has shaped history. He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Mom and Dad. Younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) tend to become rebels. Sulloway studied political activists and found that later-born activists were more radical than their firstborn peers.
The conclusion of his book is that sibling competition for parental attention can affect society as a whole in times of revolution. Thomas Jefferson, Karl Marx, and Fidel Castro were all younger siblings, for example.
As compelling as this all is, it's also something we should probably take with caution, there are other things that happen to us in life besides the addition of siblings to our families. A parent can die; a hurricane can leave us homeless; we can catch a life--threatening disease. Any one of these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the presence of siblings.
A 2002 study bore this out. After interviewing 535 undergraduates, researchers concluded that personality differences related to birth order were "folklore", although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research.
What is implied by "the younger ones are surrounded by more children's language on average than the older kids" (Para. 3) ？
Which of the following statements is proposed by researchers？
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