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In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different？
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Explorer of the Extreme Deep
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It's about time for an upgrade ,WHOI researchers say.
Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director Of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. "We take so much for granted on land. " Fomari says. "We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements. "
Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It'll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin. It'll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.
Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It'll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.
What is Alvin？
The News Industry in US
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers？ The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long serf-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
What is the passage mainly about？
More counter space, cook tops and sink are needed in today's kitchens because food preparation is more complicated than it used to be.
Kitchen Design
Over the years economic, social and technological factors have influenced the design of kitchens. Since it is often used simultaneously by both family members as well as guests, the kitchen requires not only a glamorous look but a practical one. Also, the design elements must meet the needs of the modern family.
Environmental concerns have had an enormous impact on kitchen design. This concern includes recycling of household material, as well as energy efficient appliances and the purity of both water and air. Research shows that up to 85 percent of the population is concerned about what might be in their drinking water. They are also often dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what comes out of their tap. This is why it's important to consider adding a water filter system.
The character of today's kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago. There's more sophistication in food preparation, and more technological help with cooking and clean-up.
When choosing cabinets, first consider the style. Use the architectural style. of your house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big investment, it is best to choose quality. Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed panel doors with raised or recessed panels of wood, cabinet fronts with glass panes, or simple slab doors in a rich painted or laminated finish. Cabinet pulls, don't be afraid to mix and match styles.
Because many of today's kitchens consist of two or more cooks sharing in the meal preparation, there is a need for more counter space, cook tops and sinks. Although lifestyles are changing, the primary function of the kitchen as an area for preparing food has remained unchanged. The sink remains one of the most used areas in the kitchen as well as an important decorative statement.
Appliance technology is moving at a very fast pace. Choosing what type of appliances as well as how many will depend on several factors such as how often and how much you cook and the size of your kitchen.
Don't limit yourself to one of each kind of appliance. You can have a refrigerator in one place and a freezer in a separate area or two sets of cook tops, one on the counter next to the wall oven and one on an island. You can even have two dishwashers if size and budget require and permit—think of it as saving time in the long run.
A well-designed kitchen should be modern, beautiful and practical at the same time.
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