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饮食文化层(名词解释)

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茶德(名词解释)

听力原文： The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.
Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About 43 percent of the adult men and 31 percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. 75 percent of the male population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but the number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.
Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group of 24-44.
The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. This made it possible to【11】great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.
Today cigarette smoking is a【12】habit. About 43 percent of the adult men and 31 percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that【13】people have given up the smoking habit. 75【14】the male population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but the number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.
Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest【15】of smokers is the age group of 24-44.

果腹线(名词解释)

So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally
complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that
is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other 【B1】
to say the things their speakers want to say. 【B2】
There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 【B3】
peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not
all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics
or psychology or the cultivation of rice. Whereas this is not 【B4】
the fault of their language. The Eskimos, it is said, can speak
about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we 【B5】
can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language
(Bone of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently
more precise and subtle than English. This example does
not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 【B6】
'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that
the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. 【B7】
The English language will be just as rich in terms for 【B8】
different kinds of snow if the environments in which English
was habitually used made such distinctions as important. 【B9】
Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo
language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of
motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part 【B10】
of the Eskimos' life.
【B1】