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A．A platform. worker.B．A computer.C．The command spot.D．A machine.
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Attitude Towards New Technology
Telecommunications is just one of the means by which people communicate and, such as, we need to look at telecommunications and any other communications technologies within the wider context of human communication activity.
Early findings show that many people are uneasy and even fearful of information technology. They seldom use it or simply avoid it.
To obtain this type of data we have spent time with individuals, watching how they communicate, where they get confused, what they don't understand, and the many mistakes they make. You can do this type of research yourself in an informal way. Just watch someone at the desk next to you trying to use a phone or trying to fill in a form. What you will quickly notice about people on the phone is that they use very few of the buttons available on the keypad(键区) ,and they get quite anxious if they have to use any buttons outside their normal ones. Most will not use the instruction book, and those that do will not necessarily have a rewarding experience. Watch someone fill out a form, such as an application form. or a tax form, and you will see a similar pattern of distressed behaviour.
The simple fact we can all observe from how people use these ordinary instruments of everyday communication is how messy, uncertain and confusing the experience can be. From getting up in the morning until you go to bed at night, you can always encounter people getting confused over the use of new technology. Even watching television, which for many provides an antidote(解药) to the daily confusion, is itself filled with a kind of low level confusion. For example, if you ring people up five minutes after the evening news has finished and ask them what the news was about, many cannot remember, and those who do remember get some of it wrong.
One of the reasons why this obvious confusion has gone unnoticed is that "communication As a word we associate with success, and therefore we expect the process to work effectively most of the time. To suggest otherwise is to. challenge one of our society's most deeply held beliefs.
According to the passage, how can you learn that many people are uneasy about information technology？
A．Her passport.B．Her money.C．Her driving license.D．Her address book.
In Japan one's future is guaranteed through hard work.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
With handwritten documents, it is not just scholars who are frustrated by their inaccessibility. Some sophisticated handwriting recognition systems are in use. But Dr. Manmatha said the experience developed from those systems was not particularly useful. The current systems have to cope with only a limited range of material—for example, names and addresses—written in a consistent format. On top of that, postal systems have large numbers of human readers as backups, something that wouldn't be possible for a manuscript. search engine.
They began by working on a variation of an approach used to search digital photographs and the Congress documents, trying to match specific typewritten letters with digital images of their handwritten counterparts. But Dr. Manmatha said the inherent variations in handwriting quickly made that approach too cumbersome.
The problem was also made more difficult by the fact that Washington dictated to several secretaries and wrote some of his letters personally. The result is that his papers contain at least five handwriting styles. The breakthrough came from looking at research into how people read, Dr. Manmatha said. Rather than analyzing individual letters, he said, people look at words and even parts of sentences as whole units. To develop software that would take a similar holistic approach, Dr. Manmatha turned to an idea developed to let search engine users enter queries in their own language to find Web pages written in another language. Rather than mapping words between the two languages one for one, those systems rely on software that is trained to spot common ground.
Outside of accuracy, there were two things that needed improvement in the system. It can generally cope with the difference in the writing styles in Washington's papers because they contain broad similarities. But somewhat like voice recognition software, the program has to be retrained before it can digest documents in a significantly different hand. Dr. Manmatha said that eliminating or minimizing that retraining step would be difficult, but that he believed it would be possible.
According to the passage, why are handwritten documents hard of access on the web？
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