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Section C In-depth ReadingMost young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind—football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obvious teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier (滑雪手) is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of efforts, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.1. Mountaineering involves_______.A) cold B) hardship C) physical risk D) all of the above2. The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of_______.A) activity B) rules C) uniform D) participants3. Mountaineering can be called a team sport because_______.A) it is an Olympic event B) teams compete against each otherC) mountaineers depend on each other while climbing D. there are 5 climbers in each team4. Mountaineers compete against_______.A) nature B) each other C) other teams D) international standards5. The best title for the passage is_______.A) Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and Football B) Mountaineering Is More Attractive than Other SportsC) Mountaineering D) Mountain Climbers
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Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Are you like many young people who leave home to study in another country thinking you will have lots of fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity to discover fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter. Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is called “culture shock”. At least four essential stages of adjustment occur during culture shock.The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of like in a new culture seems to have no ending.Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is “the hostility stage”. You begin to notice that not everything is as god as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people don’t treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression”. This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression”. This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called “isolation”. You would rather be home alone, and you don’t want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least that’s what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called “rejection”. With this coping mechanism, you think you don’t need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you don’t try to ask for help.The defense mechanisms you utilize in the hostility stage are not helpful. If you only occasionally use one of these coping mechanisms to help yourself survive, that is acceptable. You must be cautious, however. These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you don’t understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even though the distinction of the culture is different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate.The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. This acquisition of understanding alleviates much of the stress. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the new culture.Culture shock is not something you can avoid when living in a foreign country. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when you are going through its four stages. However, when you have completely adjusted to a new culutre you can more fully enjoy it. You learn how to interact with other people, and you learn a considerable amount about life in a culture that is not your own. Furthermore, learning about other cultures and how to adjust to the shock of living in them helps you learn more about yourself.1. According to Paragraph 1, studying in a different country means ____________.A) an opportunity to get richB) adjusting to culture shock all the timeC) meeting both advantages and challengesD) discovering interesting things and a feeling of freedom2. What do we learn about the honeymoon stage?A) You think that everything will always be perfect.B) You mainly experience the positive elements of life in a new culture.C) You feel that daytime becomes much longer.D) You feel like you are taking a holiday to another country with friends.3. Why should you be cautious even when occasionally using one of the defense mechanisms?A) Because they keep one away from feeling that these mechanisms are useful.B) Because they prevent one from being easily affected by cultural differences.C) Because they keep one away from protecting himself against the effects of culture shock.D) Because they prevent one from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.4. In the final stage of culture shock, you feel good about the new culture because ____________.A) you have come to understand what you didn’t understand beforeB) you have learned something from what you felt uncomfortable about beforeC) you have acquired enough language to help you to adjustD) you have got used to the feeling of being taken as foreigners5. You learn more about yourself when __________.A) you can avoid culture shockB) you learn about a new culture and how to adjust to the shock of living in itC ) you are going through the fourth and final stage of culture shockD) you have lived in a new culture for at least one year
Part III Translation1.一所大学，就本质而言，既要为学生提供职业培训，又要让学生接受教育。A university,__________________________________and education.2.一方面，学生通过学习专业技能，获得了成为专业人士的起码资格。On the one hand, the students________________________through acquiring professional skills.3.另一方面，学生需要接触人类最优秀的思想家的思想。On the other hand, the students should_______________what the best human minds have thought..4.大部分的精神财富都蕴藏在书籍里。Most of the____________are stored in books.5.通过阅读，学生获得前人领悟并留传给他们的知识，从而成为文明的人。Through books, the students can acquire what the past learnt for them________________.
每批由同一个牌号、同一规格、同一罐号、同一交货状态的钢筋组成。每批质量通常不大于( )。
低碳钢的含碳量一般( )。
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