题目内容
Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
For as long as there have been archaeologists, there have been guesses about what they would discover if they were to analyze their own society's refuse(垃圾) Which such speculations (沉思) often have been humors, they are based on a serious rationale (方式) Archaeologists have learned improtant information about past societies by analyzing the patterns, in arivent garbage (方式) so they should be able to learn something about contemporary societies from fresh garbage. Just as the pieces of pottery (陶器)broken stone tools, and cut animal bones in old refuse middens(垃圾堆)provide a surprisingly detailed (详细的) view of past life styles, so should the labeled packages, food debris (核骸) discarded (抛弃) clothing, and used batteries (电池) in modem middens reveal intimate (个人的)details of our lives today.
Indeed, if our garbage can teach us things about our behaviors as consumers that will enrich(使丰富) human life and help reduce the undesirable (不受欢迎的) environmental consequences of the industrialized world, why wait until those of us who could benefit most from refuse studies are dead and buried？ Such was the thinking of a group of my University of Arizona students and me when we founded the Garbage Project in 1973. More than 20 years later the project, codirected by Wilson Hughes (who was one of the founding students), is still guided by the same philosophy.
What sets the Garbage project's studies apart from other research into the behaviors of consumers is that all project data are collected from hard-sorting of quantifiable (可以数的)bits and pieces of garbage rather than from interview-surveys, government documents, or industry records. In other words, the Garbage Project reconstructs consumer behaviors directly from material reality rather than from self-reports or other records that might possibly be biased by perceptions and judgements. What also distinguishes the project's studies from those conducted by engineering consultant (咨询者)firms and even by solid-waste managers is the excruciating (剧烈的) level at which data are recorded.
Since its inception (开始) the Garbage Project has literally (完全地) immersed (陷入) itself in newly discarded refuse placed out for collection. Fresh discards have been used to study food waste, what people eat and drink, recycling behaviors, household hazardous (危险的) wastes, packaging discards, and even dental (牙齿的) health. After 1987, when the project added landfills(掩埋式垃圾处理场) to its research repertoire (戏目), investigations expanded to include the composition (构成) of landfill wastes, the rate of breakdown (倒塌) of materials within landfills, the contribution of household hazardous wastes to the fluids (流体) that leak (漏)out of MSW landfills, and the effect on landfills of various waste-reduction strategies--for example, recycling, composting, or source reduction(simply using less of something).
The speculation that if archaeologists were to analyze their own society's refuse they would discover something ______.
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According to this conversation, "textbook" is ______ .
For as long as I have known her, she has known her mind and spoken it clearly. It was one of the things that I respected her for at our first meeting, back in 1975. I had just left the governorship of California and was in London to make a speech, and she had just taken the leadership of the Conservative Party. Justin Dart, an American businessman, set up the meeting. He told me that he thought we had much in common. We were only supposed to (被期望) meet for a few minutes, but we talked for over an hour. She was warm and feminine, gracious and intelligent, it was clear to me that we were soulmates (意气相投的人)when it came to reducing government and expanding economic opportunity. At a reception that evening, an Englishman asked me what I thought of her. I said, "I think she' d make a magnificent Prime Minister. “He looked at me with mocking(愚弄)disdain (轻视)” My dear fellow, " he said, “a women Prime Minister？” I replied that England had once had a queen named Victoria who had done rather well.
A few years later, Mrs. Thatcher was Prime Minister -- and I had the chance to renew our friendship as the President. I admired greatly what she was doing in England to recover from the years of socialist rule because that's what the Labor Party is.
We were always comfortable with each other. Our first state dinner was for her, and so was our last, We still stalk and I think there has never been any feeling in our relationship that we will stop. I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street. In 1983, when I was hosting the Economic Summit in Williamsburg, Va. , we had a dinner at the old British colonial governor's home. I thought it would be fun to tease her in my toast by saying, "Margaret, if some of your predecessor had been a little more clever, you would be hosting this dinner in Williamsburg. “I had gotten as far as saying”. . , a little more clever. . . "When she cut in and joked, "I know, I would be hosting this dinner in Williamsburg. "We all had a good laugh. At the dinner, everyone turned and looked at me. "Tell us about the American miracle, " said Helmut Kohl, the chancellor of West Germany. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth. It wasn't long before I read about a wave of tax cutting in other countries. But no one did more in this regard than Margaret Thatcher. I don't claim credit for convincing her of the merits of free enterprise. She was just as determined as I to get government off the backs of the people. In many ways, she was able to accomplish more in this regard (在这个问题上) than we were, perhaps because she did not have to deal with a Democratic Congress.
I believe it was Mrs. Thatcher who introduced the idea of all the heads of government at the economic summits addressing each other by their first names. I know it helped put me at ease(安逸). When I felt like the new kid at school at my first economic summit in Ottawa in 1981, I waited for a lull (间歇) in the meeting and said, "My name is Ron. , "
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed. We disagreed from time to time, but the disagreements went away when we had a chance to talk. Before I met with Mikhail Gorbachev of our first summit -- the Fireside Summit in Geneva in November, 1985 -- I talked with Mrs. Thatcher. She told me that Gorbachev was different from any of the other Kremlin lead
What does the woman require of her next apartment？
SECTION B PASSAGES
Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文： Most people know what a hot dog is. It's a sausage in a roll. But do you know why it's called a hot dog？ Well, the long red sausage which goes into a hot dog is called a Frankfurter. It got its name from the German town Frankfurt. The sausages were very popular, but hot frankfurters were difficult to sell in crowds. One man, Harry Stevens, had the job of feeding the crowds in baseball games. He bad an idea. Why not put the frankfurters in long, hot bread rolls？ This made them easy to sell. The "red hot" had a hot and attractive taste and became very popular. But in 1903, an American cartoonist drew a long German sausage dog in place of the frankfurter so a frankfurter in a roll soon became known as a "hot dog". It was a joke, but some people really thought the sausages contained dog meat. For a while, sales of hotdogs failed, but not for long.
What is a frankfurter？
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