Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please fill the corresponding letter for each item in the blank.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 1occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 2with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 3like home heating and cooking, has remained 4over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 5it as an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 6,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income7nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they8experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 9to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 10have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.
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Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please fill the corresponding letter for each item in the blank.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague? Delivered a 1 to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 2and productivity—and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that's best— 3when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We've 4business communication consultants and etiquette (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 5using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 6.Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 7is email. Some of these may change order according to the 8 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you've got to deliver? “My 9 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message?” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally10 .”