Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Millions of U.S. college students will have to shoulder more of the cost of their education under federal rules imposed late last month through a bureaucratic adjustment requiring neither Congressional approval nor public comment of any kind. The changes, only a slight alteration in the formula governing financial aid, are expected to diminish the government's contribution to higher education by hundreds of millions of dollars, starting in the autumn of 2004. But they will also have a ripple effect across almost every level of financial aid, shrinking the pool of students who qualify for federal awards, tightening access to billions of dollars in state and institutional grants, and heightening the reliance on loans to pay for college.
How much money this may require of students and their parents will vary widely, changing with each family's set of circumstances. Some families may be expected to pay an extra $100 or less each year, while others may owe well over $1,000 more. While many college administrators characterized the change as a backdoor way to cut education spending, without public discussion, the Department of Education said it was simply executing its responsibilities under federal law.
Whether furnished by colleges, states or the federal government, the vast majority of the nation's $90 billion in financial aid is dictated by a single, intricate equation known as the federal need analysis. Its purpose is to make out how much of a family's income is truly discretionary(自由支配的), and therefore fair game for covering college expenses. Much like the federal income tax, the formula allows families to deduct some of what they pay in state and local taxes. But, this year, the department significantly reduced that amount, in some cases cutting it in half. On paper, at least, that leaves families with more money left over to pay for college, even though state and local taxes have gone up over the last year, not down.
In the 2004-2005 academic year, when the changes first take effect, parents who earn $50,000 a year may be expected to contribute $700 or so beyond what they are already paying, according to an independent analysis conducted by a consulting firm that helps universities set enrollment and aid. Those earning about $25,000 may owe only an extra $165 or less, while families earning $80,000 could be expected to pay an additional $1,100 or more.
The word "ripple effect" (Para. 1) most likely means" ______ ".
A. chain reaction
B. cumulative effect
C. immediate response
D. long-lasting impact
关于轨道线,下列说法正确的有()。A.与突破趋势线相同,对轨道线的突破也是趋势反转的开始B.轨道关于轨道线,下列说法正确的有()。
A. 与突破趋势线相同,对轨道线的突破也是趋势反转的开始
B. 轨道线被触及的次数越多,延续的时间越长,其被认可的程度和重要性越高
C. 轨道线的一个作用是提出趋势转向的警报。如果在一次波动中未触及轨道线,离得很远就开始掉头,这往往是趋势将要改变的信号。这说明,市场已经没有力量继续维持原有的上升或下降的趋势了
D. 先有轨道线,后有趋势线
A.By talking to an expert.B.By reading ah article.C.By attending an exercise class.D.B
A. By talking to an expert.
By reading ah article.
C. By attending an exercise class.
D. By listening to the radio.