题目内容

Critical functions of an organism (human) are those without which the organism as a whole cannot function: control of respiration and circulation, neuroendocrine and homeostatic regulation, and __________________.

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The radical transition from life to death has been proposed to follow a supercritical ____________________ (a bifurcation presenting a combination of continuity and discontinuity that is known from chaos and dynamical systems theory)— not unlike Dehaene and Changeux's proposed discontinuities between consciousness and unconsciousness.

Because many areas of the supratentorial brain (including the neocortex, thalami and basal ganglia) cannot be accurately tested for clinical function in a comatose patient, most bedside tests for brain death (such as cranial nerve reflexes and apnoea testing) directly measure function of the ____________ alone.

Brain death is classically caused by a brain lesion (for example, massive traumatic injury, intracranial hemorrhage or anoxia) that results in a _____________________ higher than the mean arterial blood pressure. This causes intracranial circulation to cease and brainstem damage due to herniation.

The clinical set of tests for whole brain and brainstem death are identical. There are two sets of tests that can be used to ascertain death — neurological and cardiopulmonary— which test is used depends on whether or not the patient is on _________________________.