走进北京科技大学,谈起新建的学校体育馆,人们总是把体育馆内采用的光导照明系统作为科技奥运理念的一大亮点向你介绍。
光导照明系统由采光装置、导光装置、漫射装置组成,它通过采光罩高效采集自然光线导入系统内重新分配,再经过特殊制作的光导管传输和强化后,由系统底部的漫射装置把自然光均匀高效地照射到任何需要光线的地方,得到由自然光带来的特殊照明效果。从黎明到黄昏,哪怕是雨天和阴天,光导照明系统导入室内的光线依然很充足,每天至少可提供十小时的自然光照明,从而打破了场馆室内必须依靠电力照明的传统观念。是一种只需一次性投资,无需维护的节能、环保、安全健康和时尚的新型照明装置。
新建的北京科技大学体育馆共安装了148个直径为550mm的折射率为99.7%光导管,是目前所有奥运场馆中在比赛场地中央唯一安置光导照明系统的。经实测,在室外临界照度值为20000Lx时指定场地地面的室内临界照度能达到150Lx,采光均匀度≥0.7。白天,它采集的光线能满足体育训练的要求。晚上,则可以将室内的灯光通过屋顶的采光罩传出,起到美化夜景的效果。此外,当场馆不需要光线时,还可通过该系统中唯一使用电力的配套设备电动日光调节器,任意调节光线的明暗,以保证奥运比赛时龟视转播的需求。
下列有关光导照明系统的说法,不正确的一项是()
A. 光导照明系统分别由采光装置、导光装置、漫射装置组成。
B. 采光装置可以高效采集自然光线导入光导照明系统内对自然光线进行重新分配。
C. 导光装置将采光装置采集的自然光线用光导管进行特殊的传输和强化。
D. 漫射装置可以将自然光投射到体育馆的任何地方。
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Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Meals around the family are less common today than in the past. As a result of small families and working wives, more than half of all Americans eat more than haft their meals away from homes.
The main advantages of this new pattern of American eating are the fast food chains where edible things roll out like car parts on an assembly line. The fast food industry has been growing at a rate of 15 percent a year. Pizza has become a staple(主食), and the hamburger billions sold annually has replaced the hot dog as the American national dish.
In addition to pizza and hamburger, American appetites are regularly whetted by such fast food as fried fish and chicken, French fries, onion tings, soft drinks and shakes. Many of these foods have been attacked by nutritionists and public health physicians because they are high in fat and sugar. But no matter what is said about them by health professionals, the 140 000 fast food companies and shops are likely to continue to prosper and multiply because they are fast, inexpensive, attractive to youngsters and let's be honest millions like the taste of what's dished up.
The main problem with most fast food meals is that they're not nutritionally balanced. Those of pizza, chicken or beef usually contain more than enough protein for a child or adult for one meal. But for the number of calories they provide—generally more than a third of an adult's daily requirements, they tend to oversupply you with fats and salt and to undersupply you with vitamins A and C, several B vitamins and iron. While pizza is one of the better, balanced fast foods, with plenty of protein and less fat than other types of meals, it is especially high in salt content, a negative factor for those who are easy to develop high blood pressure. Fast food meals are also sadly deficient in vegetables(except potatoes) and fruit. Thus a good rule of thumb is to eat salad, vegetables and fruit with your other meals on the days when you eat fast food.
Selecting a nutritious drink at a fast food restaurant is often difficult. Milk and fruit juice(not fruit drink), if on the menu are probably the best choices.
Another pitfall(隐藏的危险) is French fried potatoes. As they come from the ground, potatoes are a nutritional bargain low in fat, high in desirable complex carbohydrates. But when fried in deep fat, potatoes become a high fat, high calorie food. A typical fast food serving of fries contains 200 or more calories, too many of them fat calories.
The author's purpose in writing this article is to ______.
A. describe the new pattern of American eating
B. show why the fast food industry has been growing fast
C. list the most popular fast foods
D. present some facts and guidelines to help consumers choose wisely from the fast foods available
Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. Patients don't need doctors in hospitals any more.
B. It is impossible to send a patient's signs over the telephone.
C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now.
D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.
This news report mainly talks about ______.
A. how Beijing is becoming a 21st-century city
B. how many projects are being dealt with to improve the traffic of Beijing
C. how Beijing is being built into a first-class Olympic host city
D. the use of the 20 billion dollars
1. Australopithecus afarensis
They had ape-like faces and their brains were a third the size of modem humans' brains. They lived 3-3.9 million years ago. Fossils were found in Ethiopia in 1974.
2. Paranthropus boisei
Covered with fur, they had strong arms and gorilla-like faces. They lived 1-2.5 million years ago. Fossils were found in Tanzania in 1959.
3. Homo habilis
Homo habilis, which actually means "handy man", was the first species to make and use primitive stone tools. They lived 1.6-2.2 million years ago. Fossils were found in Tanzania in 1960.
4. Homo erectus
With skeletons very similar to those of modern humans, they were probably the first to use fire. They lived 30,000-1.8 million years ago. Fossils have been found in Africa and Asia since 1893.
5. Homo heidelbergensis
They were skilled hunters who used spears to kill animals. Their bodies were similar to ours, although more muscular and larger boned. They lived 200,000-500,000 years ago. Fossils have been found in Ethiopia, Germany, France and Spain since 1921.
6. Homo Neanderthal
Their brains were at least as large as those of the average modem humans, while their smaller bodies helped them deal with cold climates. They lived 30,000-230,000 years ago. Fossils have been found in France and Iraq since 1856.
What is considered more important in the development of the human?
A. Man could stand on two feet.
B. Man's brain became big enough.
C. Man's arms became strong.
D. Man could use the stone tools.