一般资料:男,43岁,硕士,公司副总。
求助者主诉:晋升失败,焦虑伴胸闷、失眠2个月。
案例介绍:求助者在一家证券公司担任副总,2个月前公司总经理职务发生变动,求助者一直在为升为总经理职务而努力,员工也都认为他升总经理是顺理成章的事情。没想到总部派另一人来担任总经理,求助者觉得这是一件非常丢人的事情,因而对领导非常不满,工作也失去以往的热情。觉得自己怀才不遇,并在暗暗寻求新的合适的单位跳槽,但谈过几家单位后都不理想,从而开始觉得自己是一无所长、一文不值的人。想着自己的孩子还未上大学,妻子单位的效益也不好。感觉以后的生活压力非常大,每每想到这些经常整晚无法入睡,食欲下降,体重减轻,经常感觉胸闷。在妻子的劝说下,来心理门诊寻求帮助。
心理咨询师决定采用认知疗法为其咨询,以下为其中的一个片断。
求助者:这次没得到晋升,对我来说是一件糟糕至极的事情。
心理咨询师:为什么是一件糟糕至极的事情呢?
求助者:没得到晋升,我就必须在以后接着做同样的工作,而且得不到更多的收入。还有,得到晋升还可以得到好的名声,没有晋升,就没有好的名声。
心理咨询师:好的,你所说的是你没得到晋升的不好之处,但是这些不好之处并不能够让你觉得糟糕至极啊,再试试,让我明白你为什么感到糟糕至极。
求助者:但是,我已经为了这个晋升努力工作很久了,我觉得我需要它。
心理咨询师:为了得到这次晋升,你可能的确是努力了很久了,但没有获得这次晋升对你来说只是一件很不幸的事情而已,你为什么会觉得糟糕至极呢?
求助者:您的意思是这些并不是糟糕至极的事情?
心理咨询师:对了,糟糕至极的意思是没有它,你就不能继续生活下去,或者就再也快乐不起来了,它意味着100%的坏。好,接下来想想,你为什么会觉得失去晋升是一件糟糕至极的事?
18. 该案例中,针对求助者“糟糕至极”的想法,用()法纠正更有效。 A.重新归因 B.灾变祛除C.认知重建 D.无防御反应答案:B
灾变祛除法是通过严密的逻辑分析使求助者认识到他对事物不良后果的可能性估计过高,过分夸大灾难性后果,从而祛除这种夸张性的认知。在案例描述中,可以看到心理咨询师通过这种方法让求助者认识到“糟糕至极”意味着100%的坏,而他未得到晋升并不是糟糕至极。
该案例中,针对求助者“糟糕至极”的想法,用()法纠正更有效。
A. 重新归因
B. 灾变祛除
C. 认知重建
D. 无防御反应
"This is like bypass surgery,' says Dan Harmon, a filmmaker whose monthly L.A.-based film club and Web site, Channel 101, lets members submit short videos, such as the recent 70s' music mockumentary "Yacht Rock", and vote on which they like best. "Finally we have a new golden age where the artist has a direct connection to the audience;"
The directors behind "Lazy Sunday" embody the phenomenon. When the shaggy-haired Samberg, 27, graduated from NYU Film School in 2001, he faced the conventional challenge or, crashing the gates Of Hollywood. With his two childhood friends Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone, he came up with an unconventional solution: they started recording music parodies and comic videos, and posting them to their Web site, TheLonelyisland.com.
The material got the attention of producers at the old ABC sitcom "Spin City", where Samberg and Taccone worked as low-level assistants; the producers sent a compilation to a talent agency. The friends got an agent, made a couple of pilot TV sketch shows for Comedy Central and Fox, featuring themselves hamming it up in nearly all the roles, and wrote jokes for the MTV Movie Awards. Even when the networks passed on their pilots, Samberg and his friends simply posted the episodes online and their fan base—at 40,000 unique visitors a month earlier this year—grew larger. Last August, Samberg joined the "SNL" cast, and Schaffer and Taccone became writers. Now they share an office in Rockefeller Center and "are a little too cute for everyone", Samberg says, "We are friends living our dream".
Short, funny videos like "Lazy Sunday" happen to translate online, but not everything works as well. Bite-size films are more practical than longer ones; comedy plays better than drama. But almost everything is worth trying, since the tools to create and post video are now so cheap, and ad hoc audiences can form. around any sensibility, however eccentric.
The "dawn of the democratization of the TV and film business" probably means ______.
A. film and television business is enjoying an unprecedented success
B. the general public are playing an active role in pop-culture
C. filmmakers are showing great enthusiasm for success on the Web
D. e-mail, downloads or links are now the main means of film distribution