Task 1
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.
By a large freshman and sophomore courses in American universities consist mainly of lectures. In a typical academic lecture the professor stands in front of the room and presents information on a subject, maybe anthropology, biology or marketing. Students are expected to take notes on the important information in the lecture in order to study for tests on the subject matter. Of course, different professors have quite different approaches to lecturing. Some outline basically the information in the textbook; others use the lecture time to present relevant information that is not covered in the text; others use the lecture to explain one particular aspect of the topic at hand; still others use the time to present or refute opinions.
It is also true that some professors are better at lecturing than are others, in the ideal lecture, the lecturer has a clear purpose in mind, and focuses on it throughout. The ideal lecturer also has a clear main idea or ideas, closely tied to his or her purpose. Finally a good lecture is developed through supporting information which helps the audience to clearly understand the main idea.
According to the passage, lectures are ______.

A. required mainly by large universities
B. characteristic of first and second year university courses
C. always given by a lecturer who stands in front of the room
D. common in anthropology, biology and marketing courses