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A．SupposingB．ConsideringC．RegardingD．Involving
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Anti-Burglar Guns
This gun practice should please both pro-and anti-gun control parties.
A major, and legitimate, defense of gun ownership is to protect against burglars. The best anti-burglar gun is a double barrelled shotgun loaded with medium size shot, not a hand gun.
A shotgun is much easier to aim accurately than a hand gun. It is more intimidating than a hand gun because of its size. It is less likely to actually kill the burglar so there is less inhibition about actually firing it. It is less likely to be stolen by a burglar during your absence because it cannot easily be hidden by him and for the same reason it is not useful to a street robber. A long gun is much less likely to be played with by children than a hand gun because of its size and weight. (To safety a hand gun by locking it up makes it slow to access if there is a real burglar, while a loaded shotgun can safely be kept by the head of your bed.) The mechanism is simpler so it is less likely than a hand gun, particularly an automatic, to jam after a long period of storage. Its pellets will not punch through a wall and hit someone in the next room or the next house.
A long gun is also less tempting than a concealed weapon to carry it into bars or elsewhere where a fight may develop and tempt you to use it. A concealed hand gun is of no help if you are confronted in the street by a robber pointing a gun at you; you have no time to get yours out and he will shoot you if he thinks you are trying. (If you are a policeman you may be in a position to draw first so hand guns are appropriate for police officers.)
As a separate matter, I suggest the following practice to inhibit children from playing with either long guns or hand guns. Tie a loop of cotton thread through the trigger guard. Anchor the loop to the wall or to the inside of the drawer with adhesive tape or cement. Show the anchored gun to the children and warn them of the consequences to them if that loop is broken. To prevent an aggressive child from replacing the loop after playing with the gun, use a colored thread and lock up the spool so you can replace the loop yourself.
When you want the gun yourself, just take it and the thread will break.
The author seems to suggest that ______.
Governments Are Trying
A 1990 United Nations survey revealed that the more highly developed countries spend an average of 2 to 3 percent of their annual budgets on crime control, while developing countries spend even more, an average of 9 to 14 percent. Increasing the size of the police force and providing it with better equipment take priority in some localities. But results are mixed. Some Hungarian citizens complain: "There are never enough policemen to catch the criminals but always enough to catch traffic violators."
Many governments have recently found it necessary to pass tougher crime laws. For example, since "kidnapping is on the rise across Latin America," says Time magazine, the governments there have responded with laws that are "at once vigorous and ineffectual". "Passing laws is one thing." it admits, "applying them another."
It is estimated that in Britain more than 100,000 neighborhood watch schemes, covering at least four million homes, existed in 1992. Similar programs were implemented in Australia in the mid1980's. Their aim, says the Australian Institute of Criminology, is to reduce crime "by improving citizens' awareness about public safety, by improving residents' attitudes and behaviour in reporting crime and suspicious events in the neighbourhood and by reducing vulnerability to crime with the help of property identification and installation of effective security devices."
Closed-circuit television is used in some places to link police stations with commercial premises. Video cameras are used by police, banks, and stores as a crime deterrent or as a tool for identifying lawbreakers.
In Nigeria the police have checkpoints on highways in efforts to apprehend robbers and carjackers. The government has set up a task force on trade malpractices to combat fraud. Police-community relations committees made up of community leaders inform. the police of criminal activity and people of questionable character.
Visitors to the Philippines note that homes are generally not left unattended and that many people have watchdogs. Businessmen employ private security guards to protect their businesses. Anti-theft devices for cars sell well. People who can afford to do so withdraw to tightly secured subdivisions or condominiums.
The London newspaper The Independent commented: "As confidence in the rule of law falls, citizens are organizing the defense of their own communities in increasing numbers." And more and more people are arming themselves. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that every second household owns at least one gun.
Governments are constantly developing new methods of combating crime. But V. Vsevolodov, of the Academy of Home Affairs in Ukraine, points out that according to UN sources, so many gifted people are finding "unique methods of carrying on criminal activity" that "the training of law enforcement personnel" cannot keep up. Clever criminals funnel huge sums of money back into businesses and social services, merging with society and "gaining for themselves high positions in society."
What is the main reason for citizens to take in hand the defense of themselves？
The Greeks have a second Battle of Marathon on their hands. Their adversaries this time are not invading Persians, as in 490 B. C. , but environmentalists and archaeologists in growing numbers. They are closing ranks in opposition to plans to build a water sports complex at the historic battleground for use during the 2004 Olympics in Athens.
Opposition to the construction has been gaining strength in Greece and the rest of Europe since the plans were announced more than a year ago. After standing back from the controversy at first, American archaeologists are now speaking out against the project as a threat to the site of one of the most decisive battles in antiquity.
In the current issue of Archaeology, a magazine of the Archaeological Institute of America, Dr. Nancy C. Wilkie, the organization's president, called on colleagues "to join in the effort to preserve this important historic and natural site."
Dr. Wilkie said the battlefield needed to he preserved because even after all this time, the plain, where the outnumbered Athenian army defeated the Persians, and the adjacent wetlands, where many Persian soldiers perished, "have yet to be fully investigated by archaeologists."
Environmentalists challenged the decision to create two artificial lakes for the rowing and canoe and kayak competitions, a grandstand and other buildings in the area of the coastal wetlands. They said the construction would not only intrude on the battle site but would endanger the wetlands, which are a haven for 176 species of birds and many rare plants and a vital stopover for migratory birds, including the rare glossy ibis. A number of appeals seeking to stop the construction are before an administrative court.
Defending the construction, Greek Olympic organizers insisted that Marathon was hardly a pristine landscape. Summer tourists flock to the Skinias beach, where the Persians are thought to have landed, and parts of the plain are already altered with farms and villages. The organizers noted that one of the lakes would replace an old airstrip. Their plans also include protection for the wetlands as a national park.
"It is impossible to create something like Waterloo or Gettysburg in this area," George Kazantzopoulos, environmental program manager for the Olympic organizers, has said. "It is already ruined."
But Dr. Dorothy King emphasized the intangibles of the issue. "The importance of the site is as much in its symbolism-it would be the equivalent of putting a theme park in the middle of the site of the Battle of Gettysburg."
Promoters of the construction have argued that the actual battlefield would not be affected because parts of what is now considered the site, including the Schinias beach, were three to six feet beneath the sea in antiquity.
But Dr. Wilkie, in her editorial, noted that a geological study conducted under the auspices of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens contradicted such claims. By drilling bore holes to a depth of 26 feet across the plain, geologists determined that the topography was little changed since the battle. The site for the proposed water sports center, the research showed, was not beneath the sea 2,500 years ago.
But international pleas and recent protests at Marathon have so far left the Olympic organizers unmoved. While work on the ＄ 44 million project continues, they have defended the construction as possibly the best thing that could happen to Marathon. It is, they said, a way to rescue the site from earlier unplanned and often shabby development.
Environmentalists and archaeologists, fearing that the project would instead attract more commercial development, said they were not ready to give up the fight and, like the defeated Persians, flee to their ships.
The opposition to the construction came from ______.
听力原文： Now European finance ministers are expected to reprimand the Irish government today after they meet in Brussels. They've been alarmed by December's budget in the Irish Republic which cut taxes and increased government spending. The other European countries fear this will stoke up inflation and undermine the stability of the Euro, the single currency.
Finance ministers from the European Unions 15 states are holding their regular monthly meeting in Brussels. They've been given the tricky task of trending out some public criticism to the government of the country with the most successful economy, the Irish Republic. In the last five years Ireland has boomed growing by an average eight percent a year, unemployment has reached its lowest level for 20 years and commodity prices in Dublin became more expensive than in London.
Why do other European countries criticize Ireland？
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