题目内容
Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. ff you do not, you will be fined up to ￡ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.
However, when you're reversing your car, you do not have to wear a seat belt; or when you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember that you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove that you have been excused from wearing it.
How many people in the front of the vehicles are killed or seriously injured every year？
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The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by "light dues" levied (征收) on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. Until then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonies. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses.
The first eight lanterns erected on the West Coast in the 1850's featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were 'set up on rocky eminences (高处), enormous towers were not the rule. Some of them were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some of them stood on pilings or stilts; others were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast is low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there--massive structures like the majestic lighthouse in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.
Notwithstanding differences in construction appearence, most lighthouses in America shared several features: a light, living quarters, and sometimes a bell (or later a foghorn). They also had quarters, and something else in common: a keeper and usually the keeper's family. The keeper's essential task was trimming the lantern wick (灯芯) in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every industry--they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands--and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, and agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.=
Which is the best title for the passage？
SECTION 3
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Electronic computer speeds are restricted not only by the speed of electrons
in matter but also by the escalating density of interconnections necessary to
connect the electronic gates on microchips. Electrical engineers and physicists
Line have been developing and augmenting the technologies of analog and digital
(5) optical computing, in which the information is primarily carried by photons
rather than by electrons. Optical computing could, in principle, generate much
higher computer speeds, but one of the problems it has encountered lies in
accuracy, for these devices have practical limits of 8 to 11 bits of accuracy in
basic operations. Recent research has evinced that digital partitioning
(10) algorithms in tandem with error-correction codes, can substantially enhance the
accuracy of optical computing operations. In the near term optical computers
will most likely be hybrid optical/electronic systems that preprocess input data
for computation and post-process output data via electronic circuits, but
nevertheless, the prospect of all-optical computing remains highly attractive.
According to the passage, which of the following is true concerning optical computers？
听力原文： The main policy-making bodies of the EU are the Cora- mission, the Council of Ministers, and the European Parliament. The Commission has 17 members appointed by EU countries for four-year terms. It is an executive body with the right of proposing initiatives to the Council of Ministers. This Council is made up of the foreign ministers from the member nations. Although the Commission represents community interests, the Council represents the national interests of the members. Members of the Council rotate the presidency with each homing the office for six-month terms.
The European Parliament had 626 members in 1995. The representatives are elected by citizens of member nations. The number of representatives differs according to the size of each country. Germany, for example, has 99 representatives, while Luxembourg has six. When the Parliament meets, the representatives sit in political groups, not by nation. Some of the political groups are: the Socialism, the European People's Party (or Christian Democrats), the Liberal Democratic and Reform. Group, the European Democrats, and the Greens (an environmental group).
Other EU institutions are the Court of Justice, the Court of Auditors, the Economic and Social Committee, and the European Investment Bank. The Court of Justice, founded in 1958, reviews the legality of acts of the Commission and the Council. The Court of Auditors, founded in 1977, monitors the revenues and expenditures of the EU. Since 1958 the Economic and Social Committee has advised the Commission and the Council on general economic policy. The Committee has 189 members representing employers, labor unions, farmers, professions, consumers, and small businesses. The European Investment Bank, founded in 1958, is an independent public institution that oversees long-term investment.
Whose interests does the Council of Ministers represent？
In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many old firms were replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. Meanwhile the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. During the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to large house "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of employees in the company in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the workers and their demands, but even he had seldom familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employers had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The creel discipline of the strike and lookout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
The author says that old family firms ______.
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