Presently, gene therapies for the following diseases are being developed:
A. cystic fibrosis (using adenoviral vector)
B. HIV infection (cell-based)
C. malignant melanoma (cell-based)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (cell-based)
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Presently,genetherapiesforthefollowingdiseasesarebeingdeveloped:
A. hemophilia B (cell-based)
B. kidney cancer (cell-based)
C. Gaucher's Disease (retroviral vector)
D. breast cancer (retroviral vector)
Ethicalissuesongenetherapyinclude:
A. Howcan"good"and"bad"usesofgenetherapybedistinguished?
B. Whatactuallyhappenswhenthingsgowrong?
C. Whodecideswhichtraitsarenormalandwhichconstituteadisabilityordisorder(decidingproperindications)?
Dowehaveenoughknowledgetomaketherightdecisions?
Ethicalissuesongenetherapyinclude:
Areweabletocontrolgenetherapy?Aretheresituations,whengenetherapyisethicallymoreacceptable?
B. Whatarethecostsforthistypeoftherapyandwhoispayingforit?Willthehighcostsofgenetherapymakeitavailableonlytothewealthy?
Couldthewidespreaduseofgenetherapymakesocietylessacceptingofpeoplewhoaredifferent?
D. Whatisthepotentialimpactofgermlinegenetransferonfuturegenerations?
Concerns with germline gene editing include:
A. Some of the concerns raised about somatic gene transfer are related to the possibility that it could inadvertently lead to germline gene transfer.
B. Germline gene transfer at the gamete and zygote stages have significant risks.
C. Beyond the medical risks to the potential child, a number of long-standing ethical concerns exist regarding the possible practice of germline gene transfer in both human and nonhuman cases.
D. Concerns involve issues ranging from the autonomy of future individuals to distributive justice, fairness, and the application of these technologies to "enhancement".
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