某设备物理寿命为8年,各年的动态年平均成本AC如下表,则其经济寿命为() 年。
There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most (31 ) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it means (32) the pavement into a busy street! (33) you must pass under a ladder you can (34) bad luck by crossing your fingers and (35) them crossed until you have seen a dog. (36) , you may lick your finger and (37) a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the (38) has dried.
Another common (39) is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house-it will either bring (40) to the person who opened it or to the whole (41). Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is (42), as it inevitably brings rain!
The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43) on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (44). the worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, (45) it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (46) in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.
Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47) witchcraft.. it is (48) lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.
Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49) luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never (50) , touch wood?”
31. A broadly B widely C quickly D speedily
32. A running from B jumping off C stepping off D keeping from
33. A If B As C Though D Unless
34. A erase B remove C avoid D ease
35. A keep B keeping C kept D to keep
36. A Consequently B However C Comparatively D Alternatively
37. A make B print C perform. D produce
38. A label B symbol C mark D cut
39. A argument B superstition C opinion D idea
40. A loss B difficulty C tragedy D misfortune
Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
In 1854 my great-grandfather, Morris Marable, was sold on an auction block in Georgia for $500. For his white slave master, the sale was just “business as usual.” But to Morris Marable and his heirs, slavery was a crime against our humanity. This pattern of human rights violations against enslaved African-Americans continued under racial segregation for nearly another century.
The fundamental problem of American democracy in the 21st century is the problem of “structural racism” the deep patterns of socio-economic inequality and accumulated disadvantage that are coded by race, and constantly justified in public speeches by both racist stereotypes and white indifference. Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellow citizens?
This country has previously witnessed two great struggles to achieve a truly multicultural democracy.
The First Reconstruction (1865-1877) ended slavery and briefly gave black men voting rights, but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid labor. The promise of “40 acres and a mule (骡子)”was for most blacks a dream deferred (尚未实现的).
The Second Reconstruction (1954-1968), or the modern civil rights movement, ended legal segregation in public accommodations and gave blacks voting rights. But these successes paradoxically obscure the tremendous human costs of historically accumulated disadvantage that remain central to black Americans’ lives.
The disproportionate wealth that most whites enjoy today was first constructed from centuries of unpaid black labor. Many white institutions, including some leading universities, insurance companies and banks, profited from slavery. This pattern of white privilege and black inequality continues today.
Demanding reparations (赔偿) is not just about compensation for slavery and segregation. It is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of “racial deficits” of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks regardless of class. Structural racism’s barriers include “equity inequity.” the absence of black capital formation that is a direct consequence of America’s history. One third of all black households actually have negative net wealth. In 1998 the typical black family’s net wealth was $16,400, less than one fifth that of white families. Black families are denied home loans at twice the rate of whites.
Blacks remain the last hired and first fired during recessions. During the 1990-91 recession, African-Americans suffered disproportionately. At Coca-Cola, 42 percent of employees who lost their jobs were blacks. At Sears, 54 percent were black, Blacks have significantly shorter life spans, in part due to racism in the health establishment. Blacks are statistically less likely than whites to be referred for kidney transplants or early-stage cancer surgery.
36. To the author, the auction of his great-grandfather is a typical example of ________.
A. crime against humanity
B. unfair business transaction
C. racial conflicts in Georgia
D. racial segregation in America
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s.
We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.
We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.
Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired(陷入)in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and Underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入)segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.
We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.
That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.
57. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?
A. They were of inferior races.
B. They were a Source of political corruption.
C. They were a threat to the nation’s security.
D. They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.