Clinicians include:
A. physicians, surgeons
B. nurses, social workers
C. clinical psychologists, clinical ethicists
D. medical technicians, chaplains, & others responsible for the welfare of patients
Clinical ethics can be defined as:
A. Clinical ethics is a structured approach to ethical questions in clinical medicine.
B. Clinical ethics is a discipline or methodology for considering the ethical implications of medical technologies, policies, and treatments, with special attention to determining what ought to be done (or not done) in the delivery of health care.
Clinical ethics focuses on topics regarding the doctor-patient encounter & the principles governing the ideal human character in relationships with other healthcare workers, families & medical institutions.
D. Clinical ethics is the application of ethical reasoning to & within clinical practice. It includes the analysis of issues arising in clinical care, the development of justifiable solutions to these issues, the application of ethical reasoning tools in day-to-day clinical practice, as well as teaching programs, support services, & decision processes aimed to help foster such application.
Clinicalethicscanbedefinedas:
A. Clinical ethics is the attention to the actual problems of ethics & values which arise in the direct care of patients & in the organization & processes of the institutions & settings where health care is delivered, providing a foundation for the entire field of bioethics.
B. In the context of patient care as well as medical & health professionals' education, clinical ethics is the core content area which provides the foundation & anchor point for a multitude of humanistic approaches to medicine & health care such as history, sociology, law, & literature.
Clinical ethics depends on the larger discipline of bioethics, which in turn draws upon disciplines such as moral philosophy, health law, communication skills, & clinical medicine.
D. Central to the practical application of clinical ethics is the ability to identify & analyze an ethical question & to reach a reasonable conclusion & recommendation for action.
Bioethics identifies 4 ethical principles that are particularly relevant to clinical medicine:
A. beneficence
B. nonmaleficence
C. autonomy
D. justice
Clinical ethical problems and/or dilemmas can be caused by following reasons:
A. 1. Professionals who have a genuine knowledge deficit about ethics.
B. 2. Autocratic behaviour of committee or an authoritarian professional.3. Groupie moral standards.
C. 4. Insensitivity of the professional/s involved.5. Amorality when the group lacks moral standards or concern for others.
D. 6. Health professionals having different values and beliefs from each other.
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