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M: If you pass the test this afternoon, you will get a temporary license on Saturday, that is, the day after tomorrow. The permanent license will be issued to you 6 months later.
Q: When is the test to be given to the woman？
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A Perfect Market
When the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of Internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dot-coms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the Internet's potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming true.
The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to America's Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world's biggest market last year rose by 26%, to ＄55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the traditional markets.
Tip of the iceberg
But the commerce department's figures deal with only part of the retail industry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies. And there is more. The commerce department's figures include the fees earned by Internet auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing ＄24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the Internet. Some of these B2B (Business-to-Business) services are proprietary (专利的，专营的); for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its annual turnover (营业额) of $＄250 billion.
So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the Internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world. That influence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce.
To start with, the Internet is profoundly changing consumer behavior. One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers. The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available deals. Sometimes they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealer's stock that they want to buy.
People seem to enjoy shopping on the Internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide. Websites are doing even more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of people's overall spending in the future.
Why websites matter
This has enormous implications for business. A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company's brand, products and services—even if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in Internet search results.
For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the Internet. The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon (辞典): People say they have "Googled" a company, a product or their plumber. The search business has a
W: It's Alex who sent me flowers and I got chocolates from Jack.
Q: From whom did the woman get the flowers？
(14)
M: Betty, let's not push our luck! OK？
Q: What does the man mean？
(13)
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Tourism is an economic term, which gives it an air of objectivity, as if the luring of visitors were just another business, like auto manufacturing or banking. While any major industry affects the environment and culture of a nation, tourism is unique in its ability to change the people and their beliefs about the world.
Anyone who travels for pleasure is a tourist, from the tired middle-aged manager with his American family, taking their week in the sun before returning to the station wagons and fax machines of the real world, to the extravagant European tourists, to weathered, wandering Australians who haven't been home for two years because they don't have money for the ticket.
Most Americans experience tourism as consumers in search of culture, good weather, beautiful buildings, or any of the other things that people travel in search of. During my year as a student living in Jamaica and traveling around the Caribbean, I have seen tourism through the eyes of the people who live with it, and witnessed the corrupting effects of tourism on the cultures that depend on it for economic survival.
When I tell people that I was living in Jamaica on scholarship, they roll their eyes and marvel at my luck, because they have seen the ads for Jamaican tourism, showing empty beaches, clear blue skies, and the occasional smiling black faces. I don't know how to respond, because the Jamaica that I lived in, and that only some tourists are privileged to see, is a poor, crowded, violent place where most people, from police officers to ganja peddlers (贩卖大麻的小贩), resent tourists for their leisure and their money— money that goes almost exclusively to a small elite of hotel owners and government officials. It might be different if the tourists weren't so obvious in their appearance. Many things—dress, language, looks— can distinguish tourists from the native population. In Jamaica, it is the skin color that sets the tourists apart, as 95 percent of Jamaicans are black (of African or mixed blood), and most tourists are white.
Because it is impossible for white visitors to move unnoticed among the people, Jamaican tourism has moved into carefully planned ghettos (分离区) of wealth. The fastest-growing sector of the tourist economy is the "all-inclusives"—hotels, generally built around a theme (family fun, swinging singles, fitness, old people), that offer one price that includes meals, drinks, tips, and transportation from the airport. Visitors to these clubs are insulated from the noise and heat of the Jamaican street, and the possibility of violence or swindle (诈骗).
In these clubs, all of the Jamaicans are "help"—well-mannered and quiet, forbidden to receive tips. Even the phone system is different. Outside, in Jamaica, the phone company forbids the use of international phone cards to protect its long-distance monopoly. But in the resort, Americans can call home as if they were in Florida. Formal colonialism has almost disappeared from the Earth, but resorts feel like the newest form—the micro-colony where American money is the constitution and idleness the national purpose.
According to the first paragraph tourism is unique in its ______.
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