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Public health incorporates the interdisciplinary approaches of epidemiology, biostatistics and health services. Environmental health, community health, behavioral health, health economics, public policy, mental health and occupational safety and health are other important subfields.
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Modern public health practice requires multidisciplinary teams of public health workers and professionals including the following: physicians specializing in public health, community medicine, or infectious disease; psychologists; epidemiologists; biostatisticians; medical assistants or assistant medical officers; public health nurses; midwives; medical microbiologists; environmental health officers or public health inspectors; pharmacists; dentists; dietitians and nutritionists; veterinarians; public health engineers; public health lawyers; sociologists; community development workers; communications experts; bioethicists; and others.
Public health communications programs, vaccination programs and distribution of condoms are examples of common public health measures. Measures such as these have contributed greatly to the health of populations and decreases in life expectancy.
Public health plays a minor role in disease prevention efforts in both the developing world and in developed countries, through local health systems and non-governmental organizations.
The US Public Health Service (USPHS), led by the Surgeon General of the US, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), headquartered in New York, are involved with several international health activities, in addition to their national duties.
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