题目内容
Galileo Galilei built the first "pendulum clock" as early as 16
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听力原文： If anyone asked you what were the main means of communication between people, what would you say？ That isn't a catchy question. The answer is simple and obvious. It would almost certainly refer to means of communication that involve the use of words: speakers and listeners—oral communication; writers and readers—written communication. And You'd be quite right. There is, however, another form. of communication which we all use most of the time, usually without knowing it. This is sometimes called body language. It does not involve the use of words. Its more technical name is non-verbal communication, "NVC" for short.
When someone is saying something with which he agrees, the average European will smile and nod approval. On the other hand, if you disagree with what they are saying, you may frown and shake your head. In this way you signal your reactions, and communicate them to the speaker without saying a word. Incidentally, I referred a moment ago to "the average European", because body language is very much tied to culture, and in order not to misunderstand, or not to be misunderstood, you must appreciate this. A smiling Chinese, for instance, may net be approving but acutely embarrassed.
Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC, which is obviously important, for instance, to managers who have to deal every day with their staff, and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions. Body language, or NVC signals, is sometimes categorized into five kinds: (1) body and facial gestures; (2) eye contact; (3) body contact or proximity; (4) clothing and physical appearance: and (5) the quality of speech. I expect you understand all those, except perhaps "proximity". This simply means "closeness". In some cultures—and I am sure this is a cultural feature and not an individual one—it is quite normal for people to stand close together, or to more or less thrust their faces into yours when they are talking lo you. In other cultures this is disliked; Americans. for instance, talk about invasion of their space.
(30)
个人转让家庭唯一生活用房的所得，免征个人所得税。()
听力原文： William Shakespeare was christened in the market town of Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire, on April 26, 1564. Traditionally, his actual birthday was three days earlier, on St. George's day, the same day as his death fifty-two years later. His father. John, was a respected middle-class trader, and his mother. Mary Arden. came from a family of local landowners. It seems probable that young William received a fair education (for his day) at the local Grammar School. At the age of eighteen he married a girl eight years older than himself. Anne Hathaway, who gave him a child the following year and twins in 1585. Little else is known of his early life, and so we cannot tell what made him decide to leave Stratford in 1586 for London. where he stayed until 1611. In London, he must soon have attracted attention. because by 1592 he was a popular enough writer and actor to be laughed at by an older dramatist as an uneducated lack-of-all-trades. He was mentioned as being among the principal actors of the city as early as 1598. and we find that in 1599 he was a member of the company running the Globe Theater, with one-tenth interest in the profits—showing a business sense rarely seen in his fellow writers. His popularity is indicated by the fact that not only were his own plays published under his name. which was a rare procedure in his day, but also plays by others are to be found attributed to him. as if to indicate that his name alone would promise a good sale.
(33)
无人主张权利的房屋，直接由房地产行政主管部门代为登记并颁发房屋所有权证。 ()
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