Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives, until finally, some attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modem industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame.
Because iii health is universal problem, affecting the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating iii health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution (体系,机构). To the sociologist (社会学家), then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.
In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者). The latter is typically also the priest (牧师), who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles' such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modem society.
Which of the following statements is tree according to Paragraph 1?
A. Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health.
B. Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.
C. Most of us are aware of the full value of health.
D. Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.
The British set up camp at Trenton because______.
A. they wanted to attack Washington at Trenton
B. they had no boats in which to cross the Delaware River
C. they need time to make some preparations
D. they wanted Washington to think they had given up rights
The battle of Trenton was very important to Washington because______.
A. it gave Washington the victory he needed
B. it was his last battle as a general
C. he defeated all the British soldiers
D. it won the war for American independence