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According to Russell, studies serve for , for , and for .
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Find out the rhetorical devices of this essay.
What can we get from reading this prose?
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 1-10 are based on the following passage. （填单词对应的A B C D...字母）In a society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious, and cultural differences, people highly value 1 — the differences among people. Teachers 2 a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not 3 information. 4 , they work individually and find answers themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.In most Asian societies, by 5 the people have the same language, history, and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system of the 6 reflects society's belief in 7 goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments. In the classroom, the teaching methods are often very formal. The teacher 8 , and the students listen. There is not much discussion. Instead, the students recite rules or information that they have memorized.There are advantages and disadvantages to both of these systems of education. For example, one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it 9 students for a society that values discipline and 10 control. There is, however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.
Directions: Read the following passage and choose (填写字母A B C)Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.Understanding non-verbal communication is a true art — mainly because it varies so significantly from culture to culture. One's culture determines how close we stand when talking with another, or how much eye contact we demand. Culture also determines what non-verbal signs we use to express anger or hatred or trust or approval. Don't underestimate the cultural differences in the interpretation of non-verbal forms of communication. What is a gesture of joy in one culture may be considered a rude insult in another.Consider the case of one British businessman in Iran. After months of doing the right thing — building relationships with Iranian colleagues, respecting the influence of Islam on negotiations and avoiding any potentially explosive political small talk — the executive was elated once a formal contract was signed. He signed the papers and turned to give his Persian colleagues a big thumbs-up. Almost immediately there was a gasp and one Iranian executive left the room. The British executive didn't have a clue as to what was going on — and his Iranian hosts were too embarrassed to tell him.The explanation was really quite simple. While the thumbs-up gesture means "good, great, well-played" in Britain, in the Persian culture it is a sign of discontent and borders on the obscene. "I don't think I was ever more embarrassed in my life. I felt like a child who yells out a vulgar curse word without having any clue as to what it means," the executive says, "My colleagues accepted my plea of ignorance but the relationship was damaged. It wasn't that they thought I had truly meant the gesture as interpreted in their culture but rather that I was totally ignorant of it. I just never suspected there was anything wrong with it."The lesson here is simple. Communicating effectively across cultures requires more than understanding the written and spoken language. It involves a basic knowledge of the acceptable non-verbal forms of communication within a culture as well. In this case experience is probably the best teacher. (Selected from International Business Culture, Page 78, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press)
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