题目内容
The mission of public health is to 'fulfill society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy.'
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There are many distinctions that can be made between public health and the clinical health professions. While public health is comprised of few professional disciplines such as medicine, dentistry, nursing, optometry, nutrition, social work, environmental sciences, health education, health services administration, and the behavioral sciences, its activities focus on entire populations rather than on individual patients.
Vaccination has resulted in the eradication of smallpox; elimination of poliomyelitis in the Americas; and control of measles, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and other infectious diseases in the US and other parts of the world.
Improvements in motor-vehicle safety have resulted from engineering efforts to make both vehicles and highways safer and from successful efforts to change personal behavior (e.g., increased use of safety belts, child safety seats, and motorcycle helmets and decreased drinking and driving). These efforts have contributed to large reductions in motor-vehicle-related deaths.
Work-related health problems, such as coal workers' pneumoconiosis (black lung), and silicosis—common at the beginning of the century— have come under better control. Severe injuries and deaths related to mining, manufacturing, construction, and transportation also have decreased; since 1980, safer workplaces have resulted in a reduction of approximately 20% in the rate of fatal occupational injuries.
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