题目内容
Part B
Directions: You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.
听力原文：W: Well, Jerry, what a surprise! It's nice to see you again.
M: Hello, Grace! My gosh! How long has it been？ Wasn't it a year ago on Christmas Day that I last saw you？
W: Yeah, I think you're right. How's your wife and the kids？
M: Oh, they are fine. Billy fell down and broke his leg a few weeks ago. But other than that, there's been nothing special.
W: Wasn't Joey learning to play the piano？ I seem to remember something about that.
M: Oh, he's given that up already. He's all excited about sports now. Actually I don't mind.
W: And your wife, what is she doing these days？
M: She's going to a night school on Mondays and Wednesdays. She's studying German now. But last year she studied painting and typing. I think she just enjoys going to school. Next, it'll probably be cooking.
W: How nice for her. Oh, I'm sorry. I've got to rush. But say hello to your wife for me, will you？
M: Sure, I will, and remember me to your husband. Goodbye.
When did the two people see each other last time？
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Television ______.
The main point of Paragraph 2 is ______.
In Paragraph 3 the writer uses the phrase "to the best of my knowledge..." because ______.
Slogans operate in society as "social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.
Because slogans may operate as "significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal Symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise." Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group's norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.
Slogans are so pervasive in today's society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for public interaction and debate. The style. of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.
The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an "overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Mom used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother's baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising agency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.
Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga" (strike in Spanish) identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.
"Sloganeering
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