题目内容
1 Human migration, the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways -- from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.
2 Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.
3 Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change, everyone's solution, everyone's conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called "one of the greatest challenges of the coming century".
4 But it is much more than that. It is, as it has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.
5 "You have a history book written in your genes,"said Spencer Wells. The book he's trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written, and it is a story of migration.
6 Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In theblood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth.
7 Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple, people have been moving since they were people. If early humans hadn't moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter- gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth.
8 To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.
9 Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centers of commerce that then became cities. Those places were in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.
10 In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment, was as much as 35 percent slaves.
11 "What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events. "Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.
12 It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope.
13 "It's part of our nature, this movement," Miller said. "It's just a fact of the human condition."
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT？
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SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
听力原文： Mike Tyson could sign a deal by Friday to face either Germany's Shuhs or Denmark's Brian Nelson here on August 21st in the Heavyweight first fight since his release from jail. The former world heavyweight champion was released on Monday after four months behind bars for assault in the wake of a traffic accident last August. His deal with Show Time makes August come back lightly. "August 21st is certainly a day we are looking at," Show Time's boxing director Jim Larken said, "Hopefully in the next few days, we'll have something concrete." Nevada boxing officials revoked Tyson's license for more than a year after he bit the Evanda Holyfield's ear in June, 1997. But they planned no action on Tyson because the license they granted him to fight does not expire until the end of the year. That came before the assault charges have been heard and with a victim's support.
Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he
The license granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated
1 Pundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had so mething in common.
2 In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each case investors -- mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans -- all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a combined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked investors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge, inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries split the difference and paid a heavy price regardless.
3 Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management？ Like most cliches, the catchphrase "crony capitalism"has prospered because it gets at something real excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asian business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.
4 Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the right track？ There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong; now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. The International Monetary Fund points to Korea's recovery -- and more generally to the fact that the sky didn't fall after all -- as proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia -- which refused IMF help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls -- also seems to be on the mend: Malaysia's Prime Minister, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news -- even though neighboring economies also seem to have bottomed out.
5 The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMF's advice made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, banking reform. -- whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no more money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.
6 Will the patients stage a full recovery？ It depends on exactly what you mean by "full". South Korea's industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korean industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region's performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer's opin
听力原文： Hong Kong's unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3% in the past three months, as business conditions have improved in the last month. Figures indicated that from March to May this year the size of the labor force was provisionally at 3,462,000 while the number of unemployed people stood at 216,000. The number of cases of insolvency, sensational business and retrenchment and the number of workers affected by these cases as recorded by the Labor Department have shown a climbing trend in recent months. From March to May 1999, 78 such cases involving 3,882 workers were recorded as compared to 93 cases affecting 5,220 workers for the three months from December 1998 to February 1999. Figures for the period from March to May 1999 when compared with those from February to April 1999 show an increase in the unemployment rate mainly in the renovation maintenance, whole-sale and retail and transport sectors, which have offset the decrease seen in the construction, import and export and financing sectors.
In the recent three months, Hong Kong's unemployment rate has
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