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燃气胶管的长度一般不得超过多少米？
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材料1： 20世纪80年代，美国国防部的军事基地建设管理手册厚400页，军队用房管理手册厚800页，军队文职人员管理手册更是厚达8，800页，其规章制度的繁琐程度无与伦比，严重影响工作效率。譬如一个价值100美元的蒸汽阀门，一旦漏汽，一周损失蒸汽价值50美元。因此，应该马上加以更换。但是，管理手册规定对于价值100美元以上的采购项目，一定要买最经济合算的。所以，国防部往往要花一年的时间进行测算、招标和更换阀门。这样，也许等一年可以买到便宜2美元的阀门，但这段时间里损失的蒸汽价值超过2000美元。 材料2： 1990年，为了节约财政支出，美国菲利克斯市政府决定对城市垃圾收集进行公开招标承包。该市市政局与三家私营清洁公司参加竞标，但遭到失败。这迫使市政局对自身管理和经营方式进行反思，谋求变革。该局在内部 引入市场竞争机制，将原有的下属机构合并为5家服务中心。局与服务中心之间签订合同，要求各中心达到一定的利润指标，而将人、财、物的管理权限全部下放给中心。服务中心则必须象私营公司一样，面向市场和客户，争取政府和私人的清洁合同。在这一新的管理体制下，各中心纷纷建立了质量管理小组和生产率委员会，制定了成本核算方法，鼓励员工提出合理化建议，将员工报酬与效益挂钩，通过一系列动作，市政局的成本逐渐下降，在竞争中开始脱颖而出。到1995年，它夺回了全市五个区的清洁合同。而在此期间，菲利克斯市的垃圾处理费用也平均每年下降了4.5%. 比较并评述这两种管理方法。
Personal Finance When it comes to our finances, each of us has our own individual approach. Some of us are savers, some are spenders, and others are some-where in between. This continuum is a paradigm that our popular culture uses to frame differences in the way people approach money. I believe that the way we approach our finances goes beyond that particular behavioral characteristic. In reality, I think our approach to finances can be viewed in more of a multi-dimensional setting, where money has a different role in our lives. For some, money means survival, plain and simple. For others, money is something that is a part of their lives but rarely on their mind, regardless of the role it actually plays. For yet others, money is an obsession, as accumulation indicates achievement. Some people view money as a defensive resource to protect against future setbacks. Some people want money to provide a good home, to contribute to the ability to have certain hobbies, or to provide something to future generations and so on. Sometimes the same person may view money differently in different situations. The bottom line is that we each have our own relationship with money, and our own conscious and subconscious needs for money, rooted in our value systems. This is an area of personal finance that has interested me for a while. Why do people behave the way they do with respect to their money? What's driving this behavior? Of course, a starting point for anybody is to consider how you personally view things. Taking an introspective approach，I have spent time figuring out my own take on money，and the role it plays in my life. What I have determined is that for me，it fits into a framework that includes the following elements：health, wealth, and relationships. These are linked together as a part of a system. They're all connected, and to the extent one is strengthened, the others will be strengthened as well. If one is weakened, the others will be weakened as well. So to me, money is a part of the wealth aspect of HWR. Beyond basic survival, money gives you the opportunity to live a healthier life, with the time and means to have more positive relationships. One thing I want to make clear is that I am not saying that money buys friends. Well, it could, but those aren't true friends. What I am saying is that the more money you have ,on balance, the less stressed you are about it, and the more time you have to do other things, such as cultivate true, genuine relationships that aren’t based on money. Money is but a component in the system. People’s attitudes towards money may change in different situations.()
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工业自动控制系统最基本的控制规律有：位式控制、比例控制、积分控制三种。
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