题目内容
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk shortly. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge , sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial (一体的) to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn't be man. The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic (圆锥的) sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot re sign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.
The author includes among the sciences all the following EXCEPT ______.
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The author's attitude towards the revival of businesses is______.
Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team calls on the emissions to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO2 in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous low- or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.
We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been one.
The main purpose of this passage is to______.
Nowadays, something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of【C1】______ . A key ingredient is being 【C2】______ , and I think I know what it is: accountability.
Accountability isn't hard to【C3】______ . It means that every person is responsible 【C4】______ his or her actions and【C5】______ for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization 【C6】______ - honesty, kindness, generosity, decency—accountability may be the most important of all. 【C7】______ it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law-and 【C8】______ , no society.
My job 【C9】______ a police officer is to impose accountability 【C10】______ people who refuse, or have never learned. But as every cop knows, external controls on people's 【C11】______ are far less effective than 【C12】______ restrains such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are 【C13】______ .
The main cause of this breakdown is a radical 【C14】______ in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was 【C15】______ , society was considered the victim. Now, in a stunning reversal, it's the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing; by the school that didn't teach him to read, by the church failed to reach him with moral 【C16】______ , by the parents who didn't provide a【C17】______ home.
I don't believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage【C18】______ criminal activities. If we exempt the criminal even partly,【C19】______ accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.
We in America 【C20】______ need more and more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.
【C1】
It can be inferred from the passage that______.
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