题目内容
Lewis Hine was born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, in 1874. As a young boy, he worked long hours in a local factory, experiencing at first hand conditions he would later document so vividly with his camera.
In 1903, he acquired a camera and a flashgun, and within a few years became one of the foremost investigative reporters of his days. He first examined the lives of some of the hundreds of thousands of immigrant families who were then crowding the customs sheds at Ellis Island. What happened to them once they set foot on the Promised Land？ His photographs showed the appalling conditions that awaited most immigrants: overcrowded, filthy slums; violent, dangerous streets; and poor-paying, enslaving jobs at which men and women roiled to support their young families.
Next he turned the illuminating light of his camera on the horrific conditions in America's coal mines. He recorded the squalor(污秽，卑劣) and desperation suffered by miners and their families. Even the government was shocked by photographs of boys--often as young as nine or ten years of age--dirty-faced, pale, undernourished, employed as breaker boys in the unhealthy and dangerous interiors of the nation's coal mines.
Hine soon earned the sobriquet that was to stick with him until the end of his days: "the conscience with a camera." In 1908, he was hired as a photographer by the federal government's National Child Labor Committee to investigate child labor conditions in the United States. Hine's pictures of children, ill clothed and barefoot, tending machines in cotton mills, stunned America. Hine realized only too clearly that these ragged, exploited children, who had no chance for an education or hope for the future, were not the only victim. By employing a massive child labor force (over forty thousand children under sixteen years of age worked in cotton mills), industry was also enslaving an entire adult labor force, undercut by this cheap child labor.
Hine's photographs were published widely in newspapers, magazines, and National Child Labor Committee reports. Many believe that as a direct result of the publication of photographs as disturbing as the vulnerable little girl working in a cotton mill, the federal government introduced legislation to put an end to such child labor practices.
In the second paragraph, the word "filthy" probably means ______.
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计算已获利息倍数时的利息费用,仅指计入财务费用的各项利息。()
PART C
Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.
听力原文： In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.
Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to specific information. Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages.
Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that ______.
CFR Ex Ship's．Hold Rotterdam是指卖方必须把货运到鹿特丹，在舱底交货。()
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