题目内容
The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.
The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.
According to the author, the importance of green-space in the urban environment______.
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Conflict And Competition
1 The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering the question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.
2 Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however,this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. The struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.
3 Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper, the unsuccessful decline while it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is.
According to the author which of the following is inevitable？
God and My Father
1 I thought of God as a strangely emotional being. He was powerful; he was forgiving yet obdurate, full of warmth and affection. Both his wrath and affection were fitful, they came and they went, and I couldn't count on either to continue: although they both always did．In short God was much such a being as my father himself.
2 What was the relation between them, I wondered — these two puzzling deities？
3 My father's ideas of religion seemed straightforward and simple. He had noticed when he was a boy that there were buildings called churches; he had accepted them as a natural part of the surroundings in which he had been born. He would never have invented such things himself. Nevertheless they were here. As he grew up he regarded them as unquestioningly as he did banks. They were substantial old structures, they were respectable, decent, and venerable. They were frequented by the right sort of people. Well, that was enough.
4 On the other hand he never allowed churches — or banks — to dictate to him. He gave each the respect that was due to it from his point of view; but he also expected from each of them the respect he felt due to him.
5 As to creeds, he knew nothing about them, and cared nothing either; yet he seemed to know which sect he belonged with. It had to be a sect with the minimum of nonsense about it; no total immersion, no exhorters, no holy confession. He would have been a Unitarian,naturally, if he'd lived in Boston. Since he was a respectable New Yorker, he belonged in the Episcopal Church.
6 As to living a spiritual life, he never tackled that problem. Some men who accept spiritual beliefs try to live up to them daily; other men who reject such beliefs, try sometimes to smash them. My father would have disagreed with both kinds entirely. He took a more distant attitude. It disgusted him where atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar. But he also objected to having religion make demands upon him — he felt that religion was too vulgar, when it tried to stir up men's feelings. It had its own proper field of activity, and it was all right there, of course; but there was one place religion should let alone, and that was a man's soul. He especially loathed any talk of walking hand in hand with his Savior. And if he had ever found the Holy Ghost trying to soften his heart, he would have regarded its behavior. as distinctly uncalled for; even ungentlemanly.
The writer says his father's idea of religion seemed straightforward and simple becausehis father
听力原文： Former Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet is living in a gilded cage as he waits under house arrest in a luxury villa for Britain's highest court to rule on his fate for a second time.
The Conservative British paper The Daily Telegraph, granted an exclusive opportunity to photograph the 83-year-old former general, counted up to nine armed policemen in and around the property in Surrey, to the southwest of London.
Three inspectors from Scotland Yard's anti-terrorist unit are permanently posted in one of the building's nine rooms, close to the main door which is guarded by two porters.
Other officers patrol with police dogs, searching visitors and their vehicles.
Members of the Surrey police force also maintain surveillance on the property in the exclusive suburb of Wentworth. Home Secretary Jack Straw allocated an additional 200,000 pounds in early March to cover policing costs.
That sum is trifling, however, compared to the millions of pounds already spent on legal costs.
Police keep bystanders, including journalists, at a distance, as well as the protesters who each Saturday beat drums and chant "murderer" in Pinochet's direction.
Authorities are also alert to the possibility of a commando operation aimed at freeing the former general, though this is considered improbable given the good relations between Britain and Chile.
In permitting Pinochet to stay in the villa, British officials relaxed his conditions of detention. Pinochet is also allowed to step out onto the patio once the yard has been combed by inspectors with sniffer dogs.
"The police follow him everywhere, even when he goes to the toilet. It's an intolerable situation, 'an unidentified person close to Pinochet complained to The Daily Telegraph.
Until now, the former leader has only left Wentworth once, to hear Spain's formal request for extradition, while a request to attend Christmas Mass was refused.
He receives visitors--Chilean political allies, diplomats, officials or supporters of former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who are indignant at how a man they call a "friend of Great Britain" is being treated.
Thatcher has spoken out in Pinochet's defense and cited support he gave Britain during its 1982 war with Argentina over the Malvinas Islands.
Pinochet starts his day scouring the newspapers and surfing the Internet in search of items concerning himself.
How many armed policemen were stationed to protect Augusto Pinochet？
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：Friend: OK, so what happened when you got to the airport？
Pauline: Well, I waited in a queue for ages and finally it was my turn to come up to the desk. So I presented my passport and she said, "I think you need a visa." And I said, "No I don't, I was there six years ago and it was OK then." So … and I said … and she said, "Well, your travel agent should have told you." So anyway she went away to check and when she came back I just knew by the look on her face that I needed a visa. And my flight was going to go just then. And I said, "What will I do？” And so she called over the OSL rep, they're the people I booked through, and they were very nice to me and they said, "Well you've got to go to London and get your visa. " And I said, "Well, can't you have it at the airport？" And they said, "No." And so, so then they said, "Well, the best thing to do is to get on this coach and go down to London. " So I got on a coach but there was pea-soup fog everywhere and so I sat on the motorway for two hours. And the whole time thinking what I am doing？ And so I got down to London. And it took literally three minutes, I filled in a form, they stamped my passport, ￡ 3 thanks.And then I had to ring the airline and try to get a flight out. And they kept saying, "Ring back in an hour. Ring hack in an hour. Ring back in an hour." And every time I had to ring back they'd say, "sorry. Well, the nearest flight we've got is from Newcastle tomorrow morning."
Friend: Oh, no. You didn't go to Newcastle.
Pauline: No, I didn't go to Newcastle. Luckily, they kept ringing and ringing and ringing and meantime I had to kill time in Green Park. It was a hot, hot day and I was carrying all my luggage and I then kept walking back to Victoria Station.
Friend: Oh, you weren't in Luton. You were waiting in London.
Pauline: That's right. I then went to London. And then, so I kept ringing and then eventually they got me a flight out to airport…er to Ibiza.
Friend: From Luton？
Pauline: No, from Gatwick actually. SO then because I was in London that was nearer Gatwick I had to then stay in London. SO I had to phone a friend and he was out for two hours, and then he wouldn't be home for another two hours. So I killed four hours before I got to him, stayed the night with him. He drove me to the airport the next morning. Then the plane was delayed. So I was getting really frightened by this time. And so then eventually I got on the plane and it was delayed by engine trouble and so on. And then I got out there, and I got out there five minutes after the airline office closed and there was no message for me.
Friend: Oh my God.
Pauline: So I thought, "I don't know what to do." And all the other people kept saying, "Well, get in a taxi" and you know what it's like in a foreign country. You think, "I can't get in a taxi. It'll cost me the earth." But in fact they said, "Well, it's never far in these places." And so then I decided. OK, so I got in a taxi.
Friend: But you had the address？
Pauline: Well, luckily…I didn't have the address before I left home but luckily at Luton airport I'd asked for the address, so I had the address. Right. So then the Taxi drove me out to the airport…er…to the villa, and we took ages to find it. We were searching round and eventually found it…
Pauline failed to catch the flight because______.
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