题目内容
In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters was transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins." He predicts, "smokers might perform. adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."
The purpose of George Spilich's experiment is ______.
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The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. 【C1】______ science has made enormous steps 【C2】______ making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human【C3】______ are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,【C4】______ cancer of the colon (结肠癌). Different cultures are more prone to 【C5】______ certain illnesses because of the food that is 【C6】______ in these cultures. That food is related to illness is 【C7】______ a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites (硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐) , commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives(添加剂 ) , 【C8】 ______ cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic (致癌的)additives 【C9】______ in our food, and it becomes more 【C10】______ all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or【C11】______ . The additives which we eat are not all so 【C12】______ Farmers often give penicillin (青霉素)to beef and poultry, and 【C13】______ of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of 【C14】 ______ cows. Sometimes similar drugs are 【C15】 ______ to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for 【C16】______reasons. The farmers are simply trying to 【C17】______ the animals in order to obtain a 【C18】______ price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried 【C19】______ to control these procedures, the practices 【C20】______ .
【C1】
A．When the method of controlled experiment was first introduced.B．When Galileo succeed
听力原文： In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization's every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature is no more known to the modem scientists than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish-brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul's Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell." Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated western thought for two thousand years, believe that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that's where they belong, and smoke goes up because that's where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment that now forms the basis of scientific investigation.
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A．The speculations of Thales.B．The forces of electricity, magnetism, land gravity.C．Ar
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